Palosuo H
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 2000 Nov;51(9):1325-41. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00095-2.
Health-related lifestyles (smoking, drinking alcohol, exercise and diet) and feelings of alienation (powerlessness and hopelessness) of the citizens of Helsinki and Moscow are examined and discussed in a framework of life chances and life choices. The data were collected by a postal survey of 18-64 yr old citizens of Helsinki (N = 824) and Moscow (N = 545) in 1991. Almost all respondents in both cities used alcohol, but heavy drinking was more frequently reported in Helsinki. Muscovite men were smokers more often and Muscovite women less often than their counterparts in Helsinki. Nearly half of the Muscovites, but less than one-fifth of the Helsinki respondents considered their diet unhealthy or of poor quality. Regular exercise was much more common among the Finns compared to the Muscovites. The sex difference in health-related lifestyles was wider in Moscow than in Helsinki, especially concerning health-damaging behaviour. Feelings of alienation were more pronounced in Moscow. In both cities alienation was more clearly associated with socioeconomic life chance factors than with lifestyle factors. In Helsinki feelings of alienation had stronger associations both with health and health related lifestyles, which possibly points to a conventional stratification effect of a market-based class society. In Moscow, which represents a more traditional community, alienation seemed to be part of a widely felt general discontent. Health was a highly salient value in both cities, especially among women. In Helsinki a high valuation of health was connected with less smoking, more exercise and a healthier diet. Valuing health did not seem to emerge as a distinct healthy lifestyle in Moscow where behavioural choices were limited by many material constraints.
在生活机会和生活选择的框架内，对赫尔辛基和莫斯科市民的健康相关生活方式（吸烟、饮酒、锻炼和饮食）以及疏离感（无力感和绝望感）进行了研究和讨论。数据是通过对1991年18至64岁的赫尔辛基市民（N = 824）和莫斯科市民（N = 545）进行邮政调查收集的。两个城市几乎所有的受访者都饮酒，但赫尔辛基报告的酗酒情况更为频繁。莫斯科男性吸烟的比例高于赫尔辛基的男性，而莫斯科女性吸烟的比例低于赫尔辛基的女性。近一半的莫斯科人认为自己的饮食不健康或质量差，但赫尔辛基的受访者中只有不到五分之一持此观点。与莫斯科人相比，芬兰人经常锻炼的情况更为普遍。与健康相关的生活方式方面的性别差异在莫斯科比在赫尔辛基更大，尤其是在有害健康的行为方面。疏离感在莫斯科更为明显。在两个城市，疏离感与社会经济生活机会因素的关联比与生活方式因素的关联更为明显。在赫尔辛基，疏离感与健康及与健康相关的生活方式的关联更强，这可能表明了基于市场的阶级社会的传统分层效应。在代表更传统社区的莫斯科，疏离感似乎是普遍存在的普遍不满情绪的一部分。健康在两个城市都是一个非常突出的价值观，尤其是在女性中。在赫尔辛基，对健康的高度重视与较少吸烟、更多锻炼和更健康的饮食有关。在莫斯科，重视健康似乎并没有表现为一种独特的健康生活方式，因为行为选择受到许多物质限制。
