Murer M G, Yan Q, Raisman-Vozari R
Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay.
Prog Neurobiol. 2001 Jan;63(1):71-124. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00014-9.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small dimeric protein, structurally related to nerve growth factor, which is abundantly and widely expressed in the adult mammalian brain. BDNF has been found to promote survival of all major neuronal types affected in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, like hippocampal and neocortical neurons, cholinergic septal and basal forebrain neurons, and nigral dopaminergic neurons. In this article, we summarize recent work on the molecular and cellular biology of BDNF, including current ideas about its intracellular trafficking, regulated synthesis and release, and actions at the synaptic level, which have considerably expanded our conception of BDNF actions in the central nervous system. But our primary aim is to review the literature regarding BDNF distribution in the human brain, and the modifications of BDNF expression which occur in the brain of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Our knowledge concerning BDNF actions on the neuronal populations affected in these pathological states is also reviewed, with an aim at understanding its pathogenic and pathophysiological relevance.
脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）是一种小的二聚体蛋白，在结构上与神经生长因子相关，在成年哺乳动物大脑中大量且广泛表达。已发现BDNF能促进阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病中受影响的所有主要神经元类型的存活，如海马和新皮质神经元、胆碱能隔区和基底前脑神经元以及黑质多巴胺能神经元。在本文中，我们总结了BDNF分子和细胞生物学的最新研究成果，包括目前关于其细胞内运输、合成和释放的调控以及在突触水平的作用的观点，这些观点极大地扩展了我们对BDNF在中枢神经系统中作用的认识。但我们的主要目的是回顾关于BDNF在人类大脑中的分布以及在阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病患者大脑中发生的BDNF表达变化的文献。我们也回顾了关于BDNF对这些病理状态下受影响的神经元群体作用的知识，旨在了解其致病和病理生理相关性。
