Levy S M, McGrady J A, Bhuridej P, Warren J J, Heilman J R, Wefel J S
Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, USA.
Pediatr Dent. 2000 Sep-Oct;22(5):389-94.
This study was performed to assess the actual amount of dentifrice used and ingested and factors associated with use/ingestion among 28 U.S. preschoolers aged 40 to 48 months.
Using their regular dentifrice brands/flavors and small child-sized toothbrushes (Oral -B 5), the participants or their parents placed dentifrice on toothbrushes three times to assess the quantity used and its consistency. Their brushing behaviors were observed and the amounts of dentifrice ingested were indirectly measured. Afterward, the parents and children placed a "pea-sized" amount of dentifrice on their toothbrushes.
The participants were generally consistent in quantity applied, averaging 0.256 g (range 0.035 g-0.620 g; standard deviation 0.177 g) of dentifrice per brushing. Children, either alone or with parental assistance, placed more dentifrice than either mother or father alone (P = 0.007). The estimated mean ingested fluoride was 0.17 mg F per brushing, an average of 62% of the amount of dentifrice used (range up to 98%). Amount of ingested fluoride was positively associated (P < 0.05) with the amount of dentifrice used, and negatively associated with parental assistance in brushing. When asked to apply a pea-sized quantity, the mean quantity applied was 0.314 g (range 0.064 g-0.521 g).
This study further supports the use of small amounts of dentifrice in young children, because they ingest substantial proportions of dentifrice.
本研究旨在评估28名年龄在40至48个月的美国学龄前儿童使用和摄入的牙膏实际量，以及与使用/摄入相关的因素。
参与者或其父母使用他们常用的牙膏品牌/口味和儿童尺寸的小牙刷（欧乐B 5型），在牙刷上放置三次牙膏，以评估使用量及其稠度。观察他们的刷牙行为，并间接测量摄入的牙膏量。之后，父母和孩子在牙刷上放置“豌豆大小”的牙膏量。
参与者在每次刷牙时使用的牙膏量总体上较为一致，平均每次刷牙使用0.256克（范围为0.035克至0.620克；标准差为0.177克）。儿童单独或在父母协助下放置的牙膏量比父母单独放置的更多（P = 0.007）。估计每次刷牙摄入的氟化物平均为0.17毫克氟，平均占使用牙膏量的62%（范围高达98%）。摄入的氟化物量与使用的牙膏量呈正相关（P < 0.05），与父母协助刷牙呈负相关。当要求放置豌豆大小的量时，平均放置量为0.314克（范围为0.064克至0.521克）。
本研究进一步支持在幼儿中使用少量牙膏，因为他们会摄入相当比例的牙膏。
