Roch SG, Lane JA, Samuelson CD, Allison ST, Dent JL
Illinois Institute of Technology
Organ Behav Hum Decis Process. 2000 Nov;83(2):185-212. doi: 10.1006/obhd.2000.2915.
Two studies were conducted to test a two-stage model of the psychological mechanisms underlying the overconsumption of scarce resources in small groups. The model proposes that members of groups sharing resources first anchor their consumption choices on an "equal-division" heuristic and then, given sufficient cognitive capacity, adjust their choices in a self-serving direction. The results from both studies support the model. The first study found that when faced with a common resource pool almost all group members expressed thoughts regarding equality; however, individuals with sufficient cognitive capacity requested more from the pool and expressed more task-relevant thoughts than individuals lacking the necessary cognitive resources. The second study provided additional support for the two-stage model by demonstrating that group members' cognitions occur in the order predicted by the model and by demonstrating that an individual difference, social value orientation, affects thought processes only when individuals are not experiencing high cognitive loads. Implications are discussed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
进行了两项研究，以测试小群体中稀缺资源过度消费背后心理机制的两阶段模型。该模型提出，共享资源的群体成员首先将其消费选择锚定在“平均分配”启发式上，然后，在有足够认知能力的情况下，朝着利己的方向调整他们的选择。两项研究的结果都支持该模型。第一项研究发现，当面对一个公共资源库时，几乎所有群体成员都表达了关于平等的想法；然而，与缺乏必要认知资源的个体相比，有足够认知能力的个体从资源库中索取更多，并表达了更多与任务相关的想法。第二项研究通过证明群体成员的认知按照模型预测的顺序发生，并通过证明个体差异（社会价值取向）仅在个体没有经历高认知负荷时才会影响思维过程，为两阶段模型提供了额外支持。文中讨论了相关影响。版权所有2000年学术出版社。
