Gamse J, Sive H
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Bioessays. 2000 Nov;22(11):976-86. doi: 10.1002/1521-1878(200011)22:11<976::AID-BIES4>3.0.CO;2-C.
This review discusses formation of the vertebrate anteroposterior (AP) axis, focusing on the dorsal ectoderm, which gives rise to the nervous system, using the frog Xenopus as a model. After summarizing classical models of AP neural patterning, we describe recent molecular studies that are encouraging re-examination of these models. Such studies have shown that AP ectodermal patterning occurs by the onset of gastrulation, much earlier than previously thought. The identity of tissues that determine AP pattern is discussed, and the definition of the Organizer is reconsidered. The activity of factors secreted by inducing tissues in early patterning decisions is assessed and formulated into a revised model for Xenopus AP neural patterning. Finally, AP ectodermal patterning in Xenopus dorsal ectoderm is compared to that of other germ layers, and to other vertebrates.
本综述讨论脊椎动物前后轴（AP）的形成，以青蛙非洲爪蟾为模型，重点关注产生神经系统的背侧外胚层。在总结AP神经模式形成的经典模型后，我们描述了近期的分子研究，这些研究促使人们重新审视这些模型。此类研究表明，AP外胚层模式形成在原肠胚形成开始时就已发生，比之前认为的要早得多。文中讨论了决定AP模式的组织的特性，并重新考虑了组织者的定义。评估了诱导组织在早期模式形成决策中分泌的因子的活性，并将其纳入非洲爪蟾AP神经模式形成的修订模型中。最后，将非洲爪蟾背侧外胚层的AP外胚层模式形成与其他胚层以及其他脊椎动物的进行了比较。
