Resnick H S, Holmes M M, Kilpatrick D G, Clum G, Acierno R, Best C L, Saunders B E
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-0742, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2000 Nov;19(4):214-9. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00226-9.
Rape has a negative impact on physical and mental health, health-related behaviors, and health service utilization. Timely medical care is important for preventive services.
Cross-sectional data were obtained from a larger 2-year longitudinal study, the National Women's Study (NWS). A total of 3006 adult women participated in the final data collection wave of the NWS. During a structured telephone interview, women who reported a most-recent or only rape incident during adulthood were asked about rape characteristics, reporting to authorities, medical care, and rape-related concerns. The main outcome measures were receipt and timing of medical care received after an adult rape, and factors influencing whether or not medical care was received.
Of the sample, 214 (7.1%) had experienced a most-recent or only rape as an adult (aged >/=18), and 56 (26.2%) received rape-related medical care following that incident. The final model multivariable logistic regression indicated that reporting the crime to police or other authorities (odds ratio [OR], 9.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]=3. 34-26.70) and fear of sexually transmitted diseases (OR, 8.61; 95% CI=3.12-23.72) were significant predictors of receipt of post-rape medical care.
One in five victims reported an adult rape to police or other authorities; these women were nine times more likely to receive medical care than those who did not. Public health efforts are needed to increase the proportion of rape victims who receive immediate post-rape medical care.
强奸对身心健康、与健康相关的行为以及医疗服务利用均有负面影响。及时的医疗护理对于预防服务至关重要。
横断面数据取自一项为期两年的大型纵向研究——全国女性研究（NWS）。共有3006名成年女性参与了NWS的最终数据收集阶段。在一次结构化电话访谈中，那些报告在成年期有过最近一次或仅有的一次强奸事件的女性被问及强奸的特征、向当局报告的情况、医疗护理以及与强奸相关的担忧。主要结局指标为成年期强奸事件后接受医疗护理的情况及时间，以及影响是否接受医疗护理的因素。
在样本中，214名（7.1%）成年女性（年龄≥18岁）有过最近一次或仅有的一次强奸经历，其中56名（26.2%）在该事件后接受了与强奸相关的医疗护理。最终模型多变量逻辑回归表明，向警方或其他当局报案（比值比[OR]，9.45；95%置信区间[CI]=3.34 - 26.70）以及对性传播疾病的恐惧（OR，8.61；95% CI=3.12 - 23.72）是强奸后接受医疗护理的显著预测因素。
五分之一的受害者向警方或其他当局报告了成年期强奸事件；这些女性接受医疗护理的可能性是未报案者的九倍。需要开展公共卫生工作，以提高强奸受害者在强奸后立即接受医疗护理的比例。
