Hanson L A, Ceafalau L, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Lagerberg M, Hjalmarsson A, Ashraf R, Zaman S, Jalil F
Department of Clinical Immunology, Göteborg University, Sweden.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;478:65-76. doi: 10.1007/0-306-46830-1_6.
The human infant has a very small immune system and needs the support of the mother with the transplacentally arrived IgG antibodies to protect tissues with inflammatogenic and energy-consuming defense. The mucous membranes, where most infections occur, need support via the specialized secretory IgA antibodies and the many other mucosal defense mechanisms provided via the mother's milk. This defense is not inflammatogenic and energy-consuming. We learn about additional defense factors in the milk, like the anti-secretory factor, which seems to protect against diarrhoea. The milk contains numerous growth factors and cytokines, like leptin, which may promote the development of the intestine as well as the immune system. Results are appearing giving interesting evidence for enhanced protection against infection also after the termination of breastfeeding. This may occur via the priming of the infant's immune system after uptake of anti-idiotypic antibodies and lymphocytes from the milk. A breastfeeding motivation study in a large Pakistani village resulted in a 50% decrease of diarrhoea and infant mortality. Deep interviews with the mothers and the traditional birth attendants suggested that even better results may be obtained.
人类婴儿的免疫系统非常小，需要母亲通过胎盘传递来的IgG抗体提供支持，以通过引发炎症和消耗能量的防御来保护组织。大多数感染发生的黏膜需要通过特殊的分泌型IgA抗体以及母乳提供的许多其他黏膜防御机制来获得支持。这种防御不会引发炎症和消耗能量。我们了解到母乳中还有其他防御因子，比如抗分泌因子，它似乎能预防腹泻。母乳中含有多种生长因子和细胞因子，如瘦素，它们可能促进肠道以及免疫系统的发育。研究结果表明，即使在母乳喂养结束后，对感染的保护作用也会增强，这很有意思。这可能是因为婴儿摄取了母乳中的抗独特型抗体和淋巴细胞后，其免疫系统得到了激活。在巴基斯坦一个大村庄进行的一项母乳喂养动机研究表明，腹泻和婴儿死亡率降低了50%。对母亲和传统助产士的深度访谈表明，可能会取得更好的效果。
