Griffiths D W, Robertson G W, Shepherd T, Birch A N, Gordon S C, Woodford J A
Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dunndee, UK.
Phytochemistry. 2000 Sep;55(2):111-6. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00250-8.
Epicuticular waxes have been characterised from the flowers of raspberry and hawthorn, on both of which adult raspberry beetles (Byturus tomentosus) can feed. The flower wax from both species had similar alkane profiles and also contained long-chain alcohols, aldehydes and fatty acids. The range of the carbon numbers detected for these classes of compounds was broadly similar in both but the relative amounts of each differed between species. Raspberry flower wax also contained fatty acid methyl esters, a group of compounds that has rarely been detected in plant epicuticular waxes, however, these were not observed in hawthorn flower wax. Long-chain alcohol-fatty acid esters with carbon numbers ranging from C36 to C48 were also detected in both plant species. However, an examination of their constituent acids indicated that in hawthorn the esters based on the C16 fatty acid predominated, whilst in raspberry flower wax, esters based on the C20 fatty acid were most abundant. Both species also contained pentacyclic triterpenoids, which accounted for, on average, over 16 and 48% of the total wax extracted from raspberry and hawthorn flowers respectively. In the former, ursolic and oleanolic acids accounted for over 90% of the pentacyclic triterpenes, whilst hawthorn flower wax, in addition to containing these acids, also contained high relative concentrations of both free and esterified alpha- and beta-amyrins.
已对树莓和山楂花的表皮蜡进行了表征，成年树莓甲虫（Byturus tomentosus）均可取食这两种植物的花。两种植物花蜡的烷烃谱相似，还含有长链醇、醛和脂肪酸。这两类化合物检测到的碳数范围在两者中大致相似，但每种化合物的相对含量在不同物种间存在差异。树莓花蜡还含有脂肪酸甲酯，这是一类在植物表皮蜡中很少检测到的化合物，然而，山楂花蜡中未观察到这些物质。在这两种植物中还检测到碳数范围为C36至C48的长链醇 - 脂肪酸酯。然而，对其组成酸的检查表明，在山楂中，基于C16脂肪酸的酯占主导，而在树莓花蜡中，基于C20脂肪酸的酯最为丰富。两种植物还都含有五环三萜类化合物，分别占从树莓花和山楂花中提取的总蜡的平均比例超过16%和48%。在前者中，熊果酸和齐墩果酸占五环三萜的比例超过90%，而山楂花蜡除了含有这些酸外，还含有相对高浓度的游离和酯化的α - 和β - 香树脂醇。
