Role behavior expectancies and alliance change in short-term individual psychotherapy.

Patients and therapists participating in a clinical trial of short-term, time-limited individual (STI) psychotherapy were asked to rate expectancies regarding their own and their counterpart's role behaviors during sessions. Significant relationships differed according to the index of alliance used (patient, therapist) and as a function of scores on a global patient personality measure known as Quality of Object Relations (QOR). Among high-QOR (or mature) cases, the patient's expectancy of being able to contribute to the treatment process was inversely associated with change in the patient-rated alliance. For those with low QOR (more primitive object relations), congruence of expectancies regarding a supportive therapist role was directly associated with change in the therapist-rated alliance. Results are discussed in terms of evaluating and preparing patients for psychotherapy and the appropriate therapeutic strategies for patients of different QOR.