Schirm E, van den Berg P, Gebben H, Sauer P, De Jong-van den Berg L
Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, University Centre for Pharmacy, Section of Social Pharmacy and Pharmacoepidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Nov;50(5):473-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00275.x.
: To determine the extent of drug use in children and the types of drugs that children use. METHODS Cross-sectional study and cohort study, using computerized pharmacy dispensing records for all children aged 0-16 years in the northern part of The Netherlands in 1998. The main outcome measures were proportion of children that used drugs (per sex and age group), mean number of drugs per child, 10 most widely used drug groups and cumulative proportions of drugs users (per drug group) during the first 2 years of life.
Drug use was the highest among infants, decreased till adolescence and increased from there. Overall, approximately 60% of all children used at least one drug in 1998. At younger ages, boys used more drugs than girls and at older ages girls used more drugs than boys. Systemic antibiotics were used by 21% of the children and were by far the most widely used drugs. Other frequently used drugs were analgesics (10%), corticosteroids for dermatologic use (9%), anthistamines (8%) and antiasthmatics (7%). Approximately 10% of the children had used at least one drug at the age of 1 month and at the age of 2 years this proportion was 81%.
The majority of children was exposed to one or more drugs and this exposure started at very young age. This shows the importance of good guidelines for drug use in children and emphasizes the necessity of research of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in children to obtain safety, efficacy and quality evidence of these drugs.
确定儿童用药的程度以及儿童使用的药物类型。方法：采用横断面研究和队列研究，利用1998年荷兰北部所有0至16岁儿童的计算机化药房配药记录。主要观察指标为用药儿童的比例（按性别和年龄组）、每个儿童的平均用药数量、最常用的10类药物以及出生后头两年内各药物组的累计用药比例。
婴儿期用药率最高，到青春期下降，之后又上升。总体而言，1998年约60%的儿童至少使用过一种药物。年龄较小时，男孩用药比女孩多；年龄较大时，女孩用药比男孩多。21%的儿童使用过全身用抗生素，是使用最广泛的药物。其他常用药物有镇痛药（10%）、皮肤科用皮质类固醇（9%）、抗组胺药（8%）和抗哮喘药（7%）。约10%的儿童在1个月大时至少使用过一种药物，到2岁时这一比例为81%。
大多数儿童接触过一种或多种药物，且这种接触在很小的年龄就开始了。这表明制定良好的儿童用药指南很重要，并强调研究儿童药代动力学和药效学特性以获取这些药物安全性、有效性和质量证据的必要性。
