Maison P, Guillemot D, Vauzelle-Kervroëdan F, Balkau B, Sermet C, Thibult N, Eschwège E
INSERM Unité 21, Faculty of Medicine Paris Sud, Villejuif, France.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Oct;54(8):659-64. doi: 10.1007/s002280050530.
Antipyretic/analgesic drugs (AADs) are among the most commonly used drugs in children. Their efficacy and adverse effects have often been debated and new AADs have been introduced over the past few years. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of the use of AADs in children in France, and their trends.
Two surveys on household health care consumption were undertaken in France, in 1981 and in 1992. They included 5060 and 4841 children, respectively. The AADs studied were aspirin, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The proportion of children exposed to AADs increased significantly between 1981 and 1992 (+28% in 11 years). Among them, the percentage of subjects treated with aspirin decreased (-27%). In contrast, the percentage increased for paracetamol (+ 19%) and for NSAIDs (+179%). Aspirin was the AAD most used in 1981 (57.4%) and it was replaced by paracetamol in 1992 (71.6%). Nasopharyngitis was the main reason for AAD prescription under the age of 11 years; for older children it was influenza-like syndrome, irrespective of the study year. A change in AAD choice occurred in nasopharyngitis, acute bronchitis and influenza-like syndrome irrespective of the age group, and in otitis/sinusitis between 4 and 10 years. In all these cases aspirin prescription decreased, in contrast with paracetamol and NSAIDs. Self-medication of AAD was uncommon (8.3% for aspirin and 10.3% for paracetamol in 1992) and decreased (-29% and -33%). It was used principally for nasopharyngitis, influenza-like syndrome and pain.
The consumption of AADs in children is high and is increasing. Paracetamol and NSAIDs tend to replace aspirin prescription in children and physicians have played the main role in this change.
解热/镇痛药（AADs）是儿童最常用的药物之一。其疗效和不良反应一直存在争议，过去几年还推出了新型AADs。本研究旨在评估法国儿童使用AADs的特征及其趋势。
1981年和1992年在法国进行了两项关于家庭医疗保健消费的调查。分别纳入了5060名和4841名儿童。所研究的AADs为阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚和非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）。
1981年至1992年间，接触AADs的儿童比例显著增加（11年间增加了28%）。其中，接受阿司匹林治疗的受试者百分比下降（-27%）。相比之下，对乙酰氨基酚（+19%）和NSAIDs（+179%）的百分比增加。阿司匹林是1981年使用最多的AAD（57.4%），1992年被对乙酰氨基酚取代（71.6%）。鼻咽炎是11岁以下儿童开具AAD处方的主要原因；对于年龄较大的儿童，无论研究年份如何，都是流感样综合征。无论年龄组如何，在鼻咽炎、急性支气管炎和流感样综合征中，以及4至10岁儿童的中耳炎/鼻窦炎中，AAD的选择都发生了变化。在所有这些情况下，阿司匹林的处方量减少，而对乙酰氨基酚和NSAIDs则相反。AAD的自我用药并不常见（1992年阿司匹林为8.3%，对乙酰氨基酚为10.3%）且有所下降（-29%和-33%）。主要用于鼻咽炎、流感样综合征和疼痛。
儿童AADs的消费量很高且在增加。对乙酰氨基酚和NSAIDs倾向于取代儿童的阿司匹林处方，医生在这一变化中起了主要作用。
