加利福尼亚蘑菇暴露情况的5年分析。
5-Year analysis of mushroom exposures in California.
作者信息
Nordt S P, Manoguerra A, Clark R F
机构信息
University College, Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland.
出版信息
West J Med. 2000 Nov;173(5):314-7. doi: 10.1136/ewjm.173.5.314.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate outcomes following toxic mushroom ingestions.
DESIGN
Retrospective data analysis.
METHODS
We analyzed American Association of Poison Control Center data for California from 1993 through 1997.
RESULTS
A total of 6,317 exposures occurred during the study period. Most (n = 6,229 [99.7%]) were acute exposures, and the rest (0.3%) were chronic; 87.6% (n = 5,536) were unintentional. Most (n = 4,235 [67.0%]) were in children younger than 6 years, and of these, only 6.0% experienced any clinical effects. The most common symptoms in patients aged 6 years and older were vomiting in 588 patients (28.2%), nausea in 307 patients (14.7%), diarrhea in 263 patients (12.6%), and abdominal pain in 221 patients (10.6%). No effects were seen in 3,131 (49.6% of all patients). Major effects were seen in only 17 patients (0.3%). Only 61 patients (1.0%) were admitted to a critical care unit. Death occurred in a 32-year-old adult who ate foraged mushrooms. Of all patients, 1,375 (21.8%) received no therapy or were observed only.
CONCLUSIONS
Most mushroom exposures were acute and unintentional and occurred in children younger than 6 years. Major toxic reactions or death was uncommon.
目的
评估误食有毒蘑菇后的结果。
设计
回顾性数据分析。
方法
我们分析了1993年至1997年加利福尼亚州美国中毒控制中心的数据。
结果
在研究期间共发生了6317次暴露。大多数（n = 6229 [99.7%]）为急性暴露，其余（0.3%）为慢性暴露；87.6%（n = 5536）为非故意暴露。大多数（n = 4235 [67.0%]）发生在6岁以下儿童中，其中只有6.0%出现了任何临床症状。6岁及以上患者最常见的症状为呕吐，588例患者（28.2%）；恶心，307例患者（14.7%）；腹泻，263例患者（12.6%）；腹痛，221例患者（10.6%）。3131例患者（占所有患者的49.6%）未出现任何症状。仅17例患者（0.3%）出现严重症状。仅61例患者（1.0%）被收入重症监护病房。一名32岁食用自采蘑菇的成年人死亡。在所有患者中，1375例（21.8%）未接受治疗或仅接受观察。
结论
大多数蘑菇暴露为急性且非故意的，发生在6岁以下儿童中。严重的毒性反应或死亡并不常见。
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