Oude Elferink R P, Groen A K
Lab. Exp. Hepatology, Academic Medical Center F0-116, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(3):293-305. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-9385.
Bile secretion serves different important functions. First, it is one of the main mechanisms for the disposition of many endogenous and exogenous amphipatic compounds, including drugs, toxins, and waste products. Second, it supplies bile salts to the intestine, which is of crucial importance for the emulsification of dietary lipids. In the last decade considerable progress has been achieved in the elucidation of the process of bile formation. Several key transporters in the canalicular membrane have been identified and characterized. This also holds for the mechanism of biliary lipid secretion, where the lipid translocating function of a P-glycoprotein was found to be indispensable for phospholipid secretion. Concomitantly, it became clear that bile salt-induced lipid secretion is an extremely complex process, in which several steps remain elusive. The production of mice with a specific defect in biliary lipid secretion and the identification of an analogous inherited human disease have made it possible to study the integrated function of biliary lipid secretion in whole body lipid homeostasis. In this review we discuss our current understanding of hepatocanalicular lipid secretion in this context. The pathologic consequences of defects in biliary lipid secretion are discussed in another review in this issue.
胆汁分泌具有多种重要功能。首先，它是许多内源性和外源性两亲性化合物（包括药物、毒素和代谢废物）排泄的主要机制之一。其次，它向肠道提供胆盐，这对于膳食脂质的乳化至关重要。在过去十年中，胆汁形成过程的阐明取得了相当大的进展。已鉴定并表征了胆小管膜中的几种关键转运蛋白。胆汁脂质分泌机制也是如此，其中发现P-糖蛋白的脂质转运功能对于磷脂分泌是必不可少的。与此同时，很明显胆盐诱导的脂质分泌是一个极其复杂的过程，其中几个步骤仍然难以捉摸。产生具有胆汁脂质分泌特定缺陷的小鼠以及鉴定一种类似的遗传性人类疾病，使得研究胆汁脂质分泌在全身脂质稳态中的综合功能成为可能。在这篇综述中，我们在这种背景下讨论我们目前对肝胆小管脂质分泌的理解。胆汁脂质分泌缺陷的病理后果在本期的另一篇综述中讨论。
