Brune A, Frenzel P, Cypionka H
LS Mikrobielle Okologie, FB Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2000 Dec;24(5):691-710. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00567.x.
Molecular oxygen is one of the most important reactants in biogeochemical cycles. Due to its low solubility in water, the consumption of oxygen leads to the development of oxic-anoxic interfaces, which separate aerobic from anaerobic processes in virtually all environments, ranging in scale from oceanic sediments to the fecal pellets of a small soil invertebrate. Three case studies were selected to illustrate the basic situation and the specific characteristics of oxic-anoxic interfaces: sediments, the rhizosphere of aquatic plants, and the intestinal tract of insects. Each system is governed by the same general principles, but striking differences arise from, e.g., the nature of the major microbial activities and the mechanisms controlling metabolite fluxes. Also scale and dimensional differences as well as the consequences of temporal fluctuations are of fundamental importance. Recent developments in microbial ecology, which often combine traditional and modern approaches, have significantly furthered our understanding of the specific microniches and the metabolic and behavioral adaptations of microorganisms to life at the oxic-anoxic interface. New concepts help to define the targets of future studies: the spatial organization of microbial populations, their microenvironments and in situ activities, and the functional interactions within structured microbial communities.
分子氧是生物地球化学循环中最重要的反应物之一。由于其在水中的溶解度低，氧气的消耗导致了有氧-缺氧界面的形成，这种界面在几乎所有环境中都将需氧过程与厌氧过程分隔开来，其规模从海洋沉积物到小型土壤无脊椎动物的粪便颗粒不等。选择了三个案例研究来说明有氧-缺氧界面的基本情况和具体特征：沉积物、水生植物的根际以及昆虫的肠道。每个系统都受相同的一般原则支配，但例如主要微生物活动的性质和控制代谢物通量的机制等方面会出现显著差异。尺度和维度差异以及时间波动的影响也至关重要。微生物生态学的最新发展常常将传统方法和现代方法结合起来，极大地增进了我们对特定微生境以及微生物在有氧-缺氧界面生活时的代谢和行为适应性的理解。新的概念有助于确定未来研究的目标：微生物种群的空间组织、它们的微环境和原位活动，以及结构化微生物群落内的功能相互作用。
