Naniche D, Oldstone M B
Department of Neuropharmacology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Sep;57(10):1399-407. doi: 10.1007/PL00000625.
Following infection, a virus must battle against the host's immune response. Viruses have developed many ways to escape immune surveillance and downregulate the host's immune response. Some viruses cause a generalized immunosuppression, thereby inhibiting or depressing the immune response towards themselves as well as towards unrelated pathogens. This review will focus on the mechanisms involved in the three main human viral infections causing immunosuppression: measles, human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus. We will also discuss what has been learned from the extensively studied mouse models of viral-induced immunosuppression: lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Rauscher leukemia virus. All of these viruses that induce generalized immunosuppression appear to do so by very similar mechanisms. They hinder antigen presentation to T cells and/or hematopoiesis. We will highlight the similarities in the viral targets as well as present evidence for alternate mechanisms.
感染后，病毒必须对抗宿主的免疫反应。病毒已发展出多种逃避免疫监视和下调宿主免疫反应的方法。一些病毒会导致全身性免疫抑制，从而抑制或削弱针对自身以及无关病原体的免疫反应。本综述将聚焦于导致免疫抑制的三种主要人类病毒感染所涉及的机制：麻疹、人类免疫缺陷病毒和巨细胞病毒。我们还将讨论从对病毒诱导免疫抑制的深入研究的小鼠模型（淋巴细胞性脉络丛脑膜炎病毒和劳氏肉瘤病毒）中学到的知识。所有这些诱导全身性免疫抑制的病毒似乎都通过非常相似的机制来实现。它们阻碍抗原呈递给T细胞和/或造血作用。我们将强调病毒靶点的相似性，并展示替代机制的证据。
