Elekes K, Kiss T, Fujisawa Y, Hernádi L, Erdélyi L, Muneoka Y
Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tihany.
Cell Tissue Res. 2000 Oct;302(1):115-34. doi: 10.1007/s004410000252.
The distribution and neuroanatomy of Mytilus inhibitory peptides (MIP)-containing neurons in the central nervous system and their innervation pattern in the peripheral nervous system of the pulmonate snail species, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix pomatia, have been investigated immunocytochemically, by applying an antibody raised to GSPMFVamide. A significant number of immunoreactive neurons occurs in the central nervous system of both species (Lymnaea: ca 600-700, Helix: ca 400-500), but their distribution is different. In Lymnaea, labeled neurons are found in all central ganglia where a number of large and giant neurons, previously identified physiologically, reveal MIP immunoreactivity. In Helix, most of the immunolabeled neurons are small (12-30 microm) and concentrated in the buccal and cerebral ganglia; the parietal ganglia are free of labeled cells. In both species, the ganglionic neuropils, peripheral nerves, connectives, and commissures are richly supplied with immunolabeled fibers. The MIP-immunoreactive innervation pattern in the heart, intestine, buccal mass and radula, and foot is similar in both species, with labeled axonal bundles and terminal-like arborizations (buccal mass, foot) or a network of varicose fibers (heart, intestine). Intrinsic neurons are not present in these tissues. The application of GSPYFVamide inhibits the spontaneous contractions of the esophageal longitudinal musculature in Helix, indicating the bioactivity of the peptide. An outside-out patch-clamp technique has demonstrated that GSPYFVamide opens the K+ channels in central nerve cells of Helix. Injection of GSPYFVamide into the body cavity inhibits the feeding of starved Helix. A wide modulatory role of MIP at central and peripheral levels is suggested in Lymnaea and Helix, including the participation in intercellular signalling processes and remote neurohormonal-like control effects.
通过应用针对GSPMFVamide产生的抗体，采用免疫细胞化学方法研究了肺螺亚纲蜗牛物种椎实螺（Lymnaea stagnalis）和苹果螺（Helix pomatia）中枢神经系统中含贻贝抑制肽（MIP）神经元的分布和神经解剖结构及其在周围神经系统中的支配模式。在这两个物种的中枢神经系统中都存在大量免疫反应性神经元（椎实螺：约600 - 700个，苹果螺：约400 - 500个），但它们的分布有所不同。在椎实螺中，在所有中枢神经节中都发现了标记神经元，其中一些先前已通过生理学方法鉴定的大神经元和巨型神经元显示出MIP免疫反应性。在苹果螺中，大多数免疫标记神经元较小（12 - 30微米），集中在颊神经节和脑神经节；顶神经节没有标记细胞。在这两个物种中，神经节神经纤维网、外周神经、神经索和连合都有丰富的免疫标记纤维供应。在心脏、肠道、颊部团块和齿舌以及足部，MIP免疫反应性支配模式在这两个物种中相似，有标记的轴突束和终末样分支（颊部团块、足部）或曲张纤维网络（心脏、肠道）。这些组织中不存在内在神经元。GSPYFVamide的应用可抑制苹果螺食管纵肌的自发收缩，表明该肽具有生物活性。外向膜片钳技术已证明GSPYFVamide可打开苹果螺中枢神经细胞中的钾通道。将GSPYFVamide注入体腔可抑制饥饿苹果螺的进食。在椎实螺和苹果螺中，MIP在中枢和外周水平上具有广泛的调节作用，包括参与细胞间信号传导过程和远程神经激素样控制作用。
