Grossman A
Protist. 2000 Oct;151(3):201-24. doi: 10.1078/1434-4610-00020.
To cope with low nutrient availability in nature, organisms have evolved inducible systems that enable them to scavenge and efficiently utilize the limiting nutrient. Furthermore, organisms must have the capacity to adjust their rate of metabolism and make specific alterations in metabolic pathways that favor survival when the potential for cell growth and division is reduced. In this article I will focus on the acclimation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular, eukaryotic green alga to conditions of nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus deprivation. This organism has a distinguished history as a model for classical genetic analyses, but it has recently been developed for exploitation using an array of molecular and genomic tools. The application of these tools to the analyses of nutrient limitation responses (and other biological processes) is revealing mechanisms that enable Chlamydomonas to survive harsh environmental conditions and establishing relationships between the responses of this morphologically simple, photosynthetic eukaryote and those of both nonphotosynthetic organisms and vascular plants.
为了应对自然界中营养物质供应不足的情况，生物体进化出了诱导系统，使它们能够清除并有效利用有限的营养物质。此外，当细胞生长和分裂的潜力降低时，生物体必须有能力调整其代谢速率，并对代谢途径进行特定改变，以利于生存。在本文中，我将重点探讨莱茵衣藻（一种单细胞真核绿藻）对氮、硫和磷缺乏条件的适应性。作为经典遗传分析的模型，这种生物体有着卓越的历史，但最近人们利用一系列分子和基因组工具对其进行开发利用。将这些工具应用于营养限制反应（以及其他生物学过程）的分析，正在揭示使莱茵衣藻能够在恶劣环境条件下生存的机制，并建立起这种形态简单的光合真核生物与非光合生物和维管植物反应之间的关系。
