Lake M J
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
Ergonomics. 2000 Oct;43(10):1610-21. doi: 10.1080/001401300750004032.
To reduce the risk of injury associated with foot-ground interaction during sporting activities, there is a need for adequate assessment of the protective function of sports footwear. The present objectives are to review the typical biomechanical approaches used to identify protection offered by sports footwear during dynamic activities and to outline some of the recent methodological approaches aimed at improving this characterization. Attention is focused on biomechanical techniques that have been shown to best differentiate safety features of footwear. It was determined that subject tests would be used in combination with standard mechanical techniques to evaluate footwear protection. Impact attenuation characteristics of footwear during sporting activities were most distinguished by analysis of tibial shock signals in the frequency and joint time-frequency domains. It has been argued that lateral stability and traction properties of footwear are better assessed using game-like manoeuvres of subjects on the actual sporting surface. Furthermore, the ability of such tests to discriminate between shoes has been improved through methods aimed at reducing or accounting for variability in individual execution of dynamic manoeuvres. Advances in tools allowing measurement of dynamic foot function inside the shoe also aid our assessment of shoe protective performance. In combination, these newer approaches should provide more information for the design of safer sports footwear.
为降低体育活动中与足部-地面相互作用相关的受伤风险，需要对运动鞋的保护功能进行充分评估。当前目标是回顾用于识别运动鞋在动态活动中所提供保护的典型生物力学方法，并概述一些旨在改进这种特性描述的最新方法。注意力集中在已被证明能最佳区分鞋类安全特征的生物力学技术上。经确定，将使用受试者测试与标准机械技术相结合的方式来评估鞋类保护。通过在频率和关节时频域分析胫骨冲击信号，能最显著地区分运动鞋在体育活动中的冲击衰减特性。有人认为，使用受试者在实际运动表面进行类似比赛的动作，能更好地评估鞋类的侧向稳定性和抓地力特性。此外，通过旨在减少或考虑动态动作个体执行差异的方法，此类测试区分不同鞋子的能力得到了提高。能够测量鞋内动态足部功能的工具的进步，也有助于我们评估鞋类的保护性能。综合起来，这些更新的方法应为设计更安全的运动鞋提供更多信息。
