Barnes R A, Smith P D
Civil Engineering Group, Royal Military College of Science, Shrivenham, Swindon, UK.
J Sports Sci. 1994 Aug;12(4):341-53. doi: 10.1080/02640419408732180.
The shoe can be thought of as a powerful tool for controlling human movement. A well-designed shoe can assist in reducing the number of lower limb injuries arising from sport and training activities. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the main thrusts of research in this field by means of a digest of current thinking and practice. The paper initially presents a survey of work in the biomechanical field with particular reference to the design of footwear. A review of the types of injury acquired by sportsmen in both training and playing is then followed by a discussion of aspects of footwear design and their role in both contributing to and preventing lower limb injury. Finally, the paper considers support and shock absorption techniques in the context of footwear design. It is concluded that research has been wide-ranging and thorough. However, the complexity of the biomechanical system being studied has prevented definitive recommendations for the prevention of injury being made in every case. Nonetheless, it is clear that a number of guiding principles have been established which should be the basis for future developments in footwear design to minimize the chance of lower limb injury.
鞋子可被视为控制人体运动的有力工具。设计精良的鞋子有助于减少因运动和训练活动导致的下肢损伤数量。本文旨在通过对当前思维和实践的摘要，呈现该领域研究的主要要点。本文首先对生物力学领域的工作进行了调查，特别提及了鞋类设计。接着回顾了运动员在训练和比赛中所遭受的损伤类型，随后讨论了鞋类设计的各个方面及其在导致和预防下肢损伤方面的作用。最后，本文在鞋类设计的背景下考虑了支撑和减震技术。得出的结论是，研究范围广泛且深入。然而，所研究的生物力学系统的复杂性使得无法针对每种情况做出预防损伤的明确建议。尽管如此，显然已经确立了一些指导原则，这些原则应成为未来鞋类设计发展的基础，以尽量减少下肢受伤的可能性。
