Maggini C, Ampollini P, Marchesi C, Gariboldi S, Cloninger C R
Institute of Psychiatry, University of Parma, Italy.
Compr Psychiatry. 2000 Nov-Dec;41(6):426-31. doi: 10.1053/comp.2000.16559.
The predictions of Cloninger's neurobiologic learning model on the relationships between novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD), and persistence (P) and the traditional DSM-III-R personality disorders (PDs) were tested on a sample of 2,889 (1,475 males and 1,414 females) Italian high school students aged 16 to 18 years, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders-self-report (SCID-II) and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). All relationships were in the predicted direction for antisocial, narcissistic, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PD alone, and at least two were in the predicted direction for schizoid, histrionic, borderline-explosive, dependent, and passive-aggressive PD. Eight of nine relationships were in the predicted direction for NS, but only seven of nine for HA and RD. This study provides substantial support for Cloninger's neurobiologic learning model as a useful tool to describe and classify personality variants and, because of the supposed neurochemical implications, to link personality traits to the underlying neurochemical and neuroanatomic substrate.
在2889名（1475名男性和1414名女性）年龄在16至18岁的意大利高中生样本中，使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版修订版》人格障碍结构化临床访谈自评版（SCID-II）和三维人格问卷（TPQ），对克隆宁格神经生物学学习模型关于寻求新奇（NS）、回避伤害（HA）、奖赏依赖（RD）和坚持性（P）与传统的《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版修订版》人格障碍（PDs）之间关系的预测进行了检验。所有关系仅在反社会、自恋、回避型和强迫型人格障碍方面呈预测方向，而在分裂样、表演型、边缘-冲动型、依赖型和被动攻击型人格障碍方面至少有两种呈预测方向。九种关系中有八种在寻求新奇方面呈预测方向，但在回避伤害和奖赏依赖方面仅九种中有七种呈预测方向。本研究为克隆宁格的神经生物学学习模型提供了大量支持，该模型作为一种有用工具，可用于描述和分类人格变异，并且由于其假定的神经化学意义，可将人格特质与潜在的神经化学和神经解剖学基质联系起来。
