Richter Jörg, Brändström Sven
Centre for Child and Adolescents Mental Health, Regions East and South, Oslo, Norway.
Compr Psychiatry. 2009 Jul-Aug;50(4):347-52. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2008.09.002. Epub 2008 Nov 22.
Personality disorders (PDs) criteria are still in development. Cloninger's biosocial theory of personality contributed to this discussion. The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between extreme expressions on temperament and an immature character according to Cloninger's assumptions. Eight hundred healthy volunteers and 200 psychiatric inpatients were consecutively recruited each from Sweden and Germany, and were asked to complete the Temperament and Character Inventory, which measures 4 temperament and 3 character dimensions. Patients differed from controls on temperament and character dimensions. The combination of low and very low character scores with extreme scores in either novelty seeking, harm avoidance, or reward dependence was found more often among patients with PD compared with patients without PD and controls; this is more pronounced with an increasing number of extreme temperament scores. The Temperament and Character Inventory represents a useful tool in the diagnostic process of personality disorders.
人格障碍（PDs）的诊断标准仍在制定中。克隆宁格的人格生物社会理论推动了这一讨论。该研究的目的是根据克隆宁格的假设，探讨气质的极端表现与不成熟性格之间的关系。分别从瑞典和德国连续招募了800名健康志愿者和200名精神科住院患者，并要求他们完成气质与性格量表，该量表测量4种气质维度和3种性格维度。患者在气质和性格维度上与对照组存在差异。与无PD患者和对照组相比，在寻求新奇、回避伤害或奖赏依赖方面得分极端且性格得分低和非常低的组合在PD患者中更为常见；随着极端气质得分数量的增加，这种情况更为明显。气质与性格量表是人格障碍诊断过程中的一个有用工具。
