Masi G, Favilla L, Mucci M, Millepiedi S
Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2000 Winter;31(2):139-51. doi: 10.1023/a:1001948610318.
Prevalence, phenomenology, comorbidity, functional impairment and familial correlates of juvenile panic disorder (PD) are described in this study. A clinical interview (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised) was administered to 220 children and adolescents consecutively referred to a Division of Child Neurology and Psychiatry. 23 subjects (10.4%), aged 7 to 18 years, fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for PD. Reported panic symptoms are described, according to gender and chronological age. High comorbidity with generalized anxiety disorder (74%) and depression (52%) was noted. Agoraphobia (56%) and other phobias (56%) were significantly more frequent than in two control groups of subjects with generalized anxiety disorder and with depression. Antecedent and/or associated separation anxiety disorder was reported in 73% of the patients. Functional impairment, assessed with a specific diagnostic instrument (Children's Global Assessment Scale) was significantly greater in PD patients than in depressed or anxious patients. 90% of patients had at least one parent with an anxiety disorder, 52% had one parent with depressive disorder, 33% had one parent with drug treated PD.
本研究描述了青少年惊恐障碍（PD）的患病率、现象学、共病情况、功能损害及家族相关性。对连续转诊至儿童神经科和精神科的220名儿童和青少年进行了临床访谈（儿童及青少年诊断访谈修订版）。23名年龄在7至18岁的受试者（10.4%）符合DSM-IV惊恐障碍标准。根据性别和实际年龄描述了报告的惊恐症状。发现与广泛性焦虑障碍（74%）和抑郁症（52%）的共病率很高。广场恐怖症（56%）和其他恐惧症（56%）比广泛性焦虑障碍和抑郁症的两个对照组更为常见。73%的患者报告有先前和/或相关的分离焦虑障碍。使用特定诊断工具（儿童总体评估量表）评估的功能损害在惊恐障碍患者中明显大于抑郁或焦虑患者。90%的患者至少有一位患有焦虑症的父母，52%的患者有一位患有抑郁症的父母，33%的患者有一位接受药物治疗的惊恐障碍父母。
