Rescorla L, Dahlsgaard K, Roberts J
Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, PA 19010, USA.
J Child Lang. 2000 Oct;27(3):643-64. doi: 10.1017/s0305000900004232.
Expressive language outcomes measured by MLU and the Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) at ages 3;0 and 4;0 were investigated in 34 late talkers with normal receptive language identified between 2;0 to 2;7 and 16 typically developing comparison children matched on age, SES, and nonverbal ability. Late talkers made greater gains than comparison children between 3;0 and 4;0 in both MLU and IPSyn raw score. However, when age-standardized z-scores were analysed, the late talkers were about 2.5 standard deviations below comparison children on both measures at both ages. At 3;0, 41% of the late talkers had MLUs above the 10th percentile based on Scarborough's (1990) benchmark sample; by 4;0, 71% did so. Using the IPSyn, a more stringent measure, 34% scored above the 10th percentile at 3;0 and only 29% did so at 4;0. MLU was significantly correlated with the IPSyn at both ages for the late talkers, but only at 3;0 for the comparison children. A converging set of regression analyses indicated no group differences in the predictive relationship between MLU and IPSyn, suggesting that the late talkers were delayed on both measures but not deviant in their development.
对34名在2岁至2岁7个月之间被确定为接受性语言正常的晚说话儿童，以及16名在年龄、社会经济地位和非语言能力方面相匹配的典型发育对照儿童，研究了他们在3岁和4岁时通过平均语句长度（MLU）和句法生成指数（IPSyn）所测量的表达性语言结果。晚说话儿童在3岁至4岁之间，MLU和IPSyn原始分数的增长幅度大于对照儿童。然而，在分析年龄标准化的z分数时，晚说话儿童在这两个年龄的这两项测量指标上都比对照儿童低约2.5个标准差。在3岁时，41%的晚说话儿童的MLU高于基于斯卡伯勒（1990年）基准样本的第10百分位；到4岁时，这一比例为71%。使用更严格的IPSyn测量指标，34%的儿童在3岁时得分高于第10百分位，在4岁时只有29%的儿童如此。对于晚说话儿童，MLU在两个年龄都与IPSyn显著相关，但对于对照儿童，仅在3岁时显著相关。一系列趋同的回归分析表明，MLU和IPSyn之间的预测关系不存在组间差异，这表明晚说话儿童在这两项测量指标上都有所延迟，但在发育过程中并无异常。
