King S D, Wynter S H, Bain B C, Brown W A, Johnston J N, Delk A S
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, 7, Kingston, Jamaica.
J Clin Virol. 2000 Dec;19(3):157-61. doi: 10.1016/s1386-6532(00)00143-8.
In Jamaica the reported incidence of AIDS increased from 0.1/100000 in 1985 to 20.2/100000 in 1995. Here there is great reluctance to have voluntary blood testing and, indeed, any blood testing. Since only enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) was available for screening serum HIV-1 and 2 antibody, it was considered that a non-invasive saliva screening EIA could be an advantageous alternative.
this study was designed to evaluate the OraScreen HIV Rapid Test, a new, simple saliva screening EIA for anti-HIV-1&2 and to compare its sensitivity and specificity with a standard serum anti-HIV screening EIA in current use in Jamaica.
specificity and sensitivity of HIV antibody assays were compared in matched serum and saliva samples obtained from 257 volunteers from a family planning clinic and from visa applicants, representing a low risk population (Group I), and from 52 volunteers known to be HIV infected (Group II).
in Group I, 257 volunteers of unknown HIV status, one was positive for anti-HIV-1 in both serum and saliva. One other was seropositive but negative on saliva testing; confirmatory Western Blot (WB) testing on this serum was negative and this subject was tabulated as blood HIV negative. Fifty-one of the known seropositive volunteers (Group II) were saliva antibody positive. One saliva sample was inadequate and this individual was excluded from the study. Serum samples from three others in Group II were grossly haemolysed but their saliva samples were antibody positive.
With the exclusion of one subject whose saliva sample was inadequate, the OraScreen HIV Rapid Test showed 100% specificity identifying 256/256 HIV antibody negative individuals, and 100% sensitivity by identifying 52/52 infected individuals as HIV antibody positive.
在牙买加，据报告艾滋病发病率从1985年的0.1/100000增至1995年的20.2/100000。当地民众极不情愿接受自愿血液检测，实际上对任何血液检测都很抵触。由于当时仅有一种酶联免疫吸附测定法（EIA）可用于筛查血清中的HIV - 1和2抗体，因此认为一种非侵入性的唾液筛查EIA可能是一种有利的替代方法。
本研究旨在评估OraScreen HIV快速检测法，这是一种新型、简便的用于检测抗HIV - 1和2的唾液筛查EIA，并将其敏感性和特异性与牙买加目前使用的标准血清抗HIV筛查EIA进行比较。
比较了从计划生育诊所的257名志愿者和签证申请人（代表低风险人群，第一组）以及52名已知感染HIV的志愿者（第二组）采集的配对血清和唾液样本中HIV抗体检测的特异性和敏感性。
在第一组中，257名HIV感染状况未知的志愿者中，有1人血清和唾液中的抗HIV - 1均呈阳性。另有1人血清学呈阳性但唾液检测呈阴性；对该血清进行的确认性蛋白印迹法（WB）检测为阴性，该受试者被列为血液HIV阴性。已知血清学呈阳性的52名志愿者（第二组）中有51人的唾液抗体呈阳性。有1份唾液样本不合格，该个体被排除在研究之外。第二组中另外3人的血清样本严重溶血，但其唾液样本抗体呈阳性。
排除1名唾液样本不合格的受试者后，OraScreen HIV快速检测法显示特异性为100%，可识别256/256名HIV抗体阴性个体，敏感性为100%，可将52/52名感染个体识别为HIV抗体阳性。
