Austin S B
Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Psychol Med. 2000 Nov;30(6):1249-62. doi: 10.1017/s0033291799002573.
Over the past two decades, scores of articles and several books have been published calling for more attention to the prevention of eating disorders, but less than two dozen prevention intervention studies have been conducted to date.
This paper reports the results of a systematic review of 20 empirical intervention studies on eating disorders prevention, discussing the data accumulated on what has and has not been effective. Beyond a description of study design and findings, this paper devotes special attention to the theoretical orientations of the studies and their implied assumptions about preventive strategies.
Though there has been a compelling interest in social, political and economic factors influencing the incidence of disordered eating, little of this interest has been carried over into the prevention end of eating disorders research. Most studies reported thus far have been designed to target and measure change principally on the individual level, to the exclusion of considering leverage points for intervention in the larger social environment.
This paper concludes with a recommendation for new attention to a model of proactive primary prevention targeted at environmental change and cross-disciplinary collaboration to achieve a reduction in the incidence of eating disorders.
在过去二十年里，已有大量文章及数本书籍发表，呼吁人们更多地关注饮食失调症的预防，但迄今为止，仅开展了不到二十几项预防干预研究。
本文报告了对20项饮食失调症预防实证干预研究进行系统综述的结果，讨论了已积累的关于哪些方法有效、哪些方法无效的数据。除了对研究设计和结果的描述外，本文还特别关注这些研究的理论取向及其对预防策略的隐含假设。
尽管人们对影响饮食失调发生率的社会、政治和经济因素有着浓厚兴趣，但这种兴趣很少延伸到饮食失调症研究的预防领域。迄今为止报道的大多数研究旨在主要针对个体层面进行目标设定和测量变化，而排除了考虑在更大社会环境中的干预杠杆点。
本文最后建议重新关注一种积极主动的一级预防模式，该模式旨在实现环境变化和跨学科合作，以降低饮食失调症的发生率。
