Kemper H C, Twisk J W, van Mechelen W, Post G B, Roos J C, Lips P
Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO), Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bone. 2000 Dec;27(6):847-53. doi: 10.1016/s8756-3282(00)00397-5.
Although positive effects of physical activity are often reported, there are still uncertainties about the type, intensity, duration, and frequency of these activities that are most effective for (re)modeling bone mass during youth. In the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study, daily physical activity and fitness were monitored from age 13 to 29 years in a group of 182 males and females. At a mean age of 28 years, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at three sites with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): in the lumbar region (lumbar BMD), the femoral neck (hip BMD), and the distal radius (wrist BMD). Physical activity (PA) was estimated from a cross-check activity interview taking in consideration all daily physical activities during the last 3 months; PA was scored in two different ways: (1) metabolic physical activity score (METPA) by weighting the intensity (multiples of basic metabolic rate [METs]) and duration (minutes per week); and (2) mechanic physical activity score (MECHPA) by weighting the peak strain (ground reaction forces as multiples of body mass) irrespective of frequency and duration of the physical activities. Physical fitness was measured with a neuromotor fitness test (composite of six strength, flexibility, and speed tests) and as cardiopulmonary fitness (maximal oxygen uptake). The physical activity and fitness scores were calculated over two age periods: during adolescence (13-16 years) and during adulthood (21-27 years). The standardized regression coefficients (corrected for gender, biological age, body composition, and calcium intake) show that weight, physical activity (both METPA and MECHPA), and neuromotor fitness during adolescence and in young adulthood are significantly and positively related with the lumbar BMD (beta = 0. 11-0.40) and hip BMD (beta = 0.18-0.26), measured at the mean age of 28 years. This was not the case for cardiorespiratory fitness. No significant correlations at all are found with wrist BMD, a bone site that is less involved in physical activity and fitness. It can be concluded that daily physical activity during adolescence and in the young adult period is significantly related to the BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck at age 28 of males and females. Only neuromotor fitness and not cardiopulmonary fitness during adolescence and young adulthood is related to the BMD of males and females at age 28 years.
尽管经常有报道称体育活动有积极影响，但对于青少年时期对（重塑）骨量最有效的体育活动的类型、强度、持续时间和频率仍存在不确定性。在阿姆斯特丹生长与健康纵向研究中，对182名男性和女性从13岁到29岁进行了日常体育活动和健康状况监测。在平均年龄28岁时，使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）在三个部位测量骨密度（BMD）：腰椎区域（腰椎BMD）、股骨颈（髋部BMD）和桡骨远端（腕部BMD）。通过交叉核对活动访谈估计体育活动（PA），访谈考虑了过去3个月内的所有日常体育活动；PA以两种不同方式评分：（1）代谢性体育活动得分（METPA），通过对强度（基础代谢率[METs]的倍数）和持续时间（每周分钟数）加权；（2）机械性体育活动得分（MECHPA），通过对峰值应变（地面反作用力作为体重的倍数）加权，而不考虑体育活动的频率和持续时间。通过神经运动健康测试（六项力量、柔韧性和速度测试的综合）和心肺健康（最大摄氧量）来测量身体健康状况。体育活动和健康得分在两个年龄段进行计算：青春期（13 - 16岁）和成年期（21 - 27岁）。标准化回归系数（校正了性别、生物年龄、身体成分和钙摄入量）表明，青春期和青年期的体重、体育活动（METPA和MECHPA）以及神经运动健康与28岁时测量的腰椎BMD（β = 0.11 - 0.40）和髋部BMD（β = 0.18 - 0.26）显著正相关。心肺健康情况并非如此。与腕部BMD未发现显著相关性，腕部是一个较少参与体育活动和健康相关的骨骼部位。可以得出结论：青春期和青年期的日常体育活动与28岁男性和女性的腰椎和股骨颈BMD显著相关。青春期和青年期只有神经运动健康而非心肺健康与28岁男性和女性的BMD相关。
