Cravchik A, Goldman D
Celera Genomics, 45 W Gude Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;57(12):1105-14. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.57.12.1105.
Behavioral variation in human beings encompasses wide differences in personality and susceptibility to psychiatric illness arising from both genotype and experience. Long-lasting behavioral differences generally have heritabilities of 30% or more, and such inheritance is ultimately attributable to functional variants of genes programming brain development and function. The sequencing of the human genome is revealing a pattern of gene sequence variation. The ability of sequence variants to affect neural function either alone or in concert may reveal effects of behavioral selection on the human genome over evolutionary time frames. Dopamine and serotonin are phylogenetically ancient neurotransmitters intrinsic to brain function and behavior. Dopamine and serotonin receptor and transporter genes have been an early focus for efforts to identify and functionally characterize sequence variation. The purpose of this article is to present a preview of a developing new perspective in human behavior: the genetic variation of the brain or neurochemical individuality. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:1105-1114.
人类的行为变异包括因基因型和经历而产生的广泛的人格差异以及对精神疾病的易感性。长期存在的行为差异通常具有30%或更高的遗传力，这种遗传最终可归因于对大脑发育和功能进行编程的基因的功能变异。人类基因组测序正在揭示一种基因序列变异模式。序列变异单独或共同影响神经功能的能力可能揭示了在进化时间框架内行为选择对人类基因组的影响。多巴胺和血清素是在系统发育上古老的神经递质，是大脑功能和行为所固有的。多巴胺和血清素受体及转运体基因一直是识别序列变异并对其进行功能表征的早期重点研究对象。本文的目的是预览人类行为中一个正在发展的新视角：大脑的遗传变异或神经化学个体性。《美国医学会杂志·精神病学卷》。2000年；57:1105 - 1114。
