发展过程中暴力的神经生物学适应。
Neurobiological adaptations to violence across development.
机构信息
University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA.
出版信息
Dev Psychopathol. 2010 Winter;22(1):1-22. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409990228.
Abstract
Developmental adaptations to violent environments involve a multitude of cascading effects spanning many levels of analysis from genes to behavior. In this review, we (a) examine the potentiating effects of violence on genetic vulnerabilities and the functioning of neurotransmitter systems in producing both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology; (b) describe implications of violence exposure for brain development, particularly within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex; and (c) consider the effects of violence on developing human stress and startle responses. This review integrates literatures on the developmental effects of violence among rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Many neurobiological changes that are adaptive for survival in violent contexts become maladaptive in other environments, conferring life-long risk for psychopathology.
摘要
发展适应暴力环境涉及许多级联效应，从基因到行为跨越多个分析层次。在这篇综述中，我们：(a) 研究了暴力对遗传脆弱性的增强作用，以及神经递质系统在产生内化和外化精神病理学中的作用；(b) 描述了暴力暴露对大脑发育的影响，特别是海马体和前额叶皮层；(c) 考虑了暴力对人类应激和惊跳反应发展的影响。这篇综述整合了关于啮齿动物、非人类灵长类动物和人类中暴力的发展影响的文献。许多在暴力环境中生存的适应性神经生物学变化在其他环境中变得适应不良，从而使精神病理学的终身风险增加。
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