Allen W, Bosch O, Kilvington M, Oliver J, Gilbert M
Landcare Research, PO Box 282, Alexandra, New Zealand.
Environ Manage. 2001 Feb;27(2):215-23. doi: 10.1007/s002670010144.
Resource management issues continually change over time in response to coevolving social, economic, and ecological systems. Under these conditions adaptive management, or "learning by doing," offers an opportunity for more proactive and collaborative approaches to resolving environmental problems. In turn, this will require the implementation of learning-based extension approaches alongside more traditional linear technology transfer approaches within the area of environmental extension. In this paper the Integrated Systems for Knowledge Management (ISKM) approach is presented to illustrate how such learning-based approaches can be used to help communities develop, apply, and refine technical information within a larger context of shared understanding. To outline how this works in practice, we use a case study involving pest management. Particular attention is paid to the issues that emerge as a result of multiple stakeholder involvement within environmental problem situations. Finally, the potential role of the Internet in supporting and disseminating the experience gained through ongoing adaptive management processes is examined.
随着社会、经济和生态系统的共同演变，资源管理问题会随着时间不断变化。在这种情况下，适应性管理，即“边做边学”，为解决环境问题提供了更积极主动且协作性更强的方法。相应地，这将需要在环境推广领域，在更传统的线性技术转让方法之外，实施基于学习的推广方法。本文介绍了知识管理综合系统（ISKM）方法，以说明如何利用这种基于学习的方法，帮助社区在更大的共享理解背景下开发、应用和完善技术信息。为了概述其在实践中的运作方式，我们使用了一个涉及害虫管理的案例研究。特别关注环境问题情境中多个利益相关者参与所产生的问题。最后，研究了互联网在支持和传播通过持续的适应性管理过程获得的经验方面的潜在作用。
