Pebody R G, Edmunds W J, Conyn-van Spaendonck M, Olin P, Berbers G, Rebiere I, Lecoeur H, Crovari P, Davidkin I, Gabutti G, Gerike E, Giordano C, Hesketh L, Plesner A M, Raux M, Rota M C, Salmaso S, Tischer A, Valle M, Miller E
Immunisation Division, PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, UK.
Epidemiol Infect. 2000 Oct;125(2):347-57. doi: 10.1017/s0950268899004574.
Most of the countries in western Europe have now implemented mass infant rubella immunization programmes, instead of or in addition to selective vaccination in order to achieve the elimination of congenital rubella syndrome. The European countries Denmark, England and Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands undertook large, national serological surveys collecting several thousand serum specimens during 1994-8. Antibodies against rubella virus were detected by a variety of enzyme immuno-assays. Comparability of the assay results was achieved by a standardized methodology. The age- and sex-stratified serological results were related to the schedules, coverage of rubella vaccination and the incidence in these countries. The results show widely differing levels of immunity to rubella both in the general population and in the specific age groups of males and females. A low rate (< 5%) of susceptibles in childhood and adolescents of both sexes was obtained only in Finland and the Netherlands. Countries such as Italy with only moderate coverage for the infant immunization programme currently have both high susceptibility levels in the general population and in the at-risk population. The likelihood is of continued epidemics of rubella with cases of congenital rubella syndrome. The continued implementation of selective vaccination will help to offset the impact of this ongoing transmission and to protect women on reaching childbearing age.
西欧大多数国家现已实施大规模婴儿风疹免疫计划，以取代选择性疫苗接种或作为其补充，目的是消除先天性风疹综合征。丹麦、英格兰和威尔士、芬兰、法国、德国、意大利和荷兰等欧洲国家在1994年至1998年期间开展了大规模的全国性血清学调查，收集了数千份血清样本。通过多种酶免疫测定法检测风疹病毒抗体。通过标准化方法实现了检测结果的可比性。按年龄和性别分层的血清学结果与这些国家的风疹疫苗接种计划、接种覆盖率及发病率相关。结果显示，无论是在普通人群还是在特定年龄组的男性和女性中，对风疹的免疫水平差异很大。只有芬兰和荷兰的儿童及青少年中易感率较低（<5%）。像意大利这样婴儿免疫计划覆盖率仅为中等的国家，目前普通人群和高危人群中的易感性水平都很高。风疹及先天性风疹综合征病例持续流行的可能性很大。继续实施选择性疫苗接种将有助于抵消这种持续传播的影响，并保护达到育龄的妇女。
