Hollon B F, Branton C
J Dairy Sci. 1975 Jan;58(1):93-101. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(75)84524-3.
Viability and health disorders were compared for straightbred Holsteins and crosses between Holsteins, Brown Swiss, Jerseys, and Red Sindhis. In addition, effects of mating systems and effects of various parts of Red Sindhi heredity on these traits were evaluated. Losses before first calving per 100 females born alive were: Holsteins 22; Holstein-sired crosses 20: Brown Swiss-sired crosses 26; daughters of crossbred sires group I (sires had from 1/4 to 1/16 Red Sindhi heredity) 24; and group II (sires were all European breeds) 31. Losses in first-gestation from abortions and stillbirths were: Holsteins 20% and crossbreds 9%. In first lactation, incidence of foot rot and anaplasmosis was higher among Holsteins (13% and 16%) than in crossbreds (5% and 8%) whereas the incidence was less among crosses with Red Sindhi heredity (3% and 2%) than in all European breed crosses (9% and 17%). When progeny produced by criss-crossing to purebred sires were compared with progeny from random mating to crossbred sires, the former had a greater incidence of mastitis (30% versus 19%) and anaplasmosis (11% versus 2%). There was no differences between Holsteins and crossbreds in overall viability. However, there was considerable variation between breeds at the various ages.
对纯种荷斯坦奶牛以及荷斯坦奶牛与瑞士褐牛、泽西牛和红辛地红牛杂交后代的活力和健康问题进行了比较。此外，还评估了交配系统的影响以及红辛地红牛不同遗传部分对这些性状的影响。每100头存活出生的母牛在首次产犊前的损失情况如下：荷斯坦奶牛为22头；荷斯坦公牛的杂交后代为20头；瑞士褐牛公牛的杂交后代为26头；杂交公牛第一组（公牛具有1/4至1/16红辛地红牛遗传）的女儿为24头；第二组（公牛均为欧洲品种）为31头。首次妊娠期间因流产和死产造成的损失为：荷斯坦奶牛20%，杂交后代9%。在第一个泌乳期，荷斯坦奶牛患腐蹄病和无形体病的发生率（分别为13%和16%）高于杂交后代（分别为5%和8%），而具有红辛地红牛遗传的杂交后代（分别为3%和2%）的发病率低于所有欧洲品种杂交后代（分别为9%和17%）。当将与纯种公牛回交产生的后代与与杂交公牛随机交配产生的后代进行比较时，前者患乳腺炎的发生率更高（30%对19%），患无形体病的发生率也更高（11%对2%）。荷斯坦奶牛和杂交后代在总体活力方面没有差异。然而，不同品种在不同年龄阶段存在相当大的差异。
