Greenwald A G, Farnham S D
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1525, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Dec;79(6):1022-38. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.6.1022.
Experiment 1 used the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D. E. McGhee, & J. L. K. Schwartz, 1998) to measure self-esteem by assessing automatic associations of self with positive or negative valence. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that two IAT measures defined a factor that was distinct from, but weakly correlated with, a factor defined by standard explicit (self-report) measures of self-esteem. Experiment 2 tested known-groups validity of two IAT gender self-concept measures. Compared with well-established explicit measures, the IAT measures revealed triple the difference in measured masculinity-femininity between men and women. Again, CFA revealed construct divergence between implicit and explicit measures. Experiment 3 assessed the self-esteem IAT's validity in predicting cognitive reactions to success and failure. High implicit self-esteem was associated in the predicted fashion with buffering against adverse effects of failure on two of four measures.
实验1使用内隐联想测验（IAT；A.G.格林沃尔德、D.E.麦吉和J.L.K.施瓦茨，1998年），通过评估自我与正性或负性效价的自动联想来测量自尊。验证性因素分析（CFA）表明，两个IAT测量指标定义了一个与自尊的标准外显（自我报告）测量指标所定义的因素不同但相关性较弱的因素。实验2检验了两个IAT性别自我概念测量指标的已知群体效度。与成熟的外显测量指标相比，IAT测量指标显示男性和女性在男性气质-女性气质测量上的差异是前者的三倍。同样，CFA揭示了内隐和外显测量指标之间的结构差异。实验3评估了自尊IAT在预测对成功和失败的认知反应方面的效度。高内隐自尊以预测的方式与缓冲失败对四项测量指标中的两项产生的不利影响相关。
