Oliver G, Wardle J, Gibson E L
Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, United Kingdom.
Psychosom Med. 2000 Nov-Dec;62(6):853-65. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200011000-00016.
This study investigated experimentally whether acute stress alters food choice during a meal. The study was designed to test claims of selective effects of stress on appetite for specific sensory and nutritional categories of food and interactions with eating attitudes.
Sixty-eight healthy men and women volunteered for a study on "the effects of hunger on physiology, performance, and mood." Eating attitudes and food preferences were measured on entry to the study. The stressed group prepared a 4-minute speech, expecting it to be filmed and assessed after a midday meal, although in fact speeches were not performed. The ad libitum meal included sweet, salty, or bland high- and low-fat foods. The control group listened to a passage of neutral text before eating the meal. Blood pressure, heart rate, mood, and hunger were measured at baseline and after the 10-minute preparatory period, when appetite for 34 foods and food intake were recorded.
Increases in blood pressure and changes in mood confirmed the effectiveness of the stressor. Stress did not alter overall intake, nor intake of, or appetite for the six food categories. However, stressed emotional eaters ate more sweet high-fat foods and a more energy-dense meal than unstressed and nonemotional eaters. Dietary restraint did not significantly affect appetitive responses to stress.
Increased eating of sweet fatty foods by emotional eaters during stress, found here in a laboratory setting, may underlie the previously reported finding that dietary restraint or female gender predicts stress-induced eating. Stress may compromise the health of susceptible individuals through deleterious stress-related changes in food choice.
本研究通过实验调查急性应激是否会改变用餐时的食物选择。该研究旨在验证应激对特定感官和营养类食物的食欲产生选择性影响的说法,以及与饮食态度的相互作用。
68名健康男性和女性自愿参与一项关于“饥饿对生理、表现和情绪的影响”的研究。在研究开始时测量饮食态度和食物偏好。应激组准备一篇4分钟的演讲稿,预期在午餐后进行拍摄和评估,尽管实际上并未进行演讲。随意用餐包括甜、咸或清淡的高脂肪和低脂肪食物。对照组在用餐前听一段中性文本。在基线时以及10分钟准备期后测量血压、心率、情绪和饥饿感,同时记录对34种食物的食欲和食物摄入量。
血压升高和情绪变化证实了应激源的有效性。应激并未改变总体摄入量,也未改变六类食物的摄入量或食欲。然而,处于应激状态的情绪化进食者比未处于应激状态的非情绪化进食者摄入更多的甜高脂肪食物和能量密度更高的一餐。饮食节制并未显著影响对应激的食欲反应。
在实验室环境中发现,情绪化进食者在应激期间增加对甜脂肪食物的摄入,这可能是先前报道的饮食节制或女性性别预示应激诱导进食这一发现的基础。应激可能通过与食物选择相关的有害应激相关变化损害易感个体的健康。