Kim B M, Teffera S, Zeldin M D
South Coast Air Quality Management District, Planning and Policy, Diamond Bar, California, USA.
J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2000 Dec;50(12):2034-44.
In December 1994, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) initiated a comprehensive program, the PM10 Technical Enhancement Program (PTEP), to characterize fine PM in the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB). A 1-year special particulate monitoring project was conducted from January 1995 to February 1996 as part of the PTEP. Under this enhanced monitoring, HNO3, NH3, and speciated PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured at five stations (Anaheim, downtown Los Angeles, Diamond Bar, Fontana, and Rubidoux) in the SCAB and at one background station at San Nicolas Island. PM2.5 and PM10 mass and 43 individual species were analyzed for a full chemical speciation of the particle data. The PTEP data indicate that the most abundant chemical components of PM10 and PM2.5 in the SCAB are NH4+ (8-9% of PM10 and 14-17% of PM2.5), NO3- (23-26% of PM10 and 28-41% of PM2.5), SO4- (6-11% of PM10 and 9-18% of PM2.5), organic carbon (OC) (15-19% of PM10 and 18-26% of PM2.5), and elemental carbon (EC) (5-8% of PM10 and 8-13% of PM2.5). On an annual average basis, PM2.5 comprises 52-59% of the SCAB PM10. Annual average PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations showed strong spatial variations, low at coastal sites and high at inland sites. Annual average PM10 concentrations varied from 40.8 micrograms/m3 at Anaheim to 76.8 micrograms/m3 at Rubidoux, while annual average PM2.5 concentrations varied from 21.7 micrograms/m3 at Anaheim to 39.8 micrograms/m3 at Rubidoux. The chemical characterizations of the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, as well as their spatial variations, were examined; the important findings are summarized in this paper, and the temporal variations are discussed in the companion paper.
1994年12月，南海岸空气质量管理区（SCAQMD）启动了一项全面计划，即PM10技术强化计划（PTEP），以描述南海岸空气盆地（SCAB）中的细颗粒物。作为PTEP的一部分，于1995年1月至1996年2月开展了为期一年的特殊颗粒物监测项目。在这种强化监测下，在SCAB的五个站点（阿纳海姆、洛杉矶市中心、钻石吧、丰塔纳和鲁比杜克斯）以及圣尼古拉斯岛的一个背景站点测量了HNO₃、NH₃以及特定的PM10和PM2.5浓度。对PM2.5和PM10的质量以及43种单个成分进行了分析，以实现颗粒物数据的完整化学形态分析。PTEP数据表明，SCAB中PM10和PM2.5最丰富的化学成分是NH₄⁺（占PM10的8 - 9%，占PM2.5的14 - 17%）、NO₃⁻（占PM10的23 - 26%，占PM2.5的28 - 41%）、SO₄⁻（占PM10的6 - 11%，占PM2.5的9 - 18%）、有机碳（OC）（占PM10的15 - 19%，占PM2.5的18 - 26%）和元素碳（EC）（占PM10的5 - 8%，占PM2.5的8 - 13%）。按年平均计算，PM2.5占SCAB中PM10的52 - 59%。年平均PM10和PM2.5浓度呈现出强烈的空间变化，沿海站点浓度低，内陆站点浓度高。年平均PM10浓度从阿纳海姆的40.8微克/立方米到鲁比杜克斯的76.8微克/立方米不等，而年平均PM2.5浓度从阿纳海姆的21.7微克/立方米到鲁比杜克斯的39.8微克/立方米不等。研究了PM2.5和PM10浓度的化学特征及其空间变化；本文总结了重要发现，相关时间变化在配套论文中进行了讨论。
