Johnston B D, Britt J, D'Ambrosio L, Mueller B A, Rivara F P
Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 98104, USA.
Inj Prev. 2000 Dec;6(4):305-9. doi: 10.1136/ip.6.4.305.
To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of an injury prevention program delivered by school based home visitors to the families of low income children attending preschool enrichment programs in Washington State.
The families of children attending preschool Head Start programs in two regions were eligible. A total of 213 families (77.8% of those eligible) from intervention sites, and 149 families (71.9% of those eligible) from concurrent comparison sites, agreed to participate and completed the trial.
Trained school personnel conducted home safety inspections as part of a planned home visit. Intervention families were offered educational materials as well as smoke detectors, batteries, ipecac, and age appropriate car safety restraints based on results of the home inspection.
At a repeat home visit three months later, the proportion of families with a positive change in injury prevention knowledge or behavior among those in the intervention group was compared with the proportion in the comparison group. Smoke detector presence and function were observed.
Among families without a working smoke detector at baseline, the intervention was associated with an increased probability of having a working detector at follow up (relative risk (RR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 8.6). Intervention families were also more likely to report the presence of ipecac in the home (RR 4.7, 95% CI 3.0 to 7.3) at follow up and to have obtained an age appropriate booster seat (RR 4.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 8.8). The program was acceptable to client families and to the home visitors who conducted the intervention.
Among the families of low income children enrolled in preschool enrichment programs, home safety inspections and the distribution of safety supplies by school based home visitors appears to improve knowledge and behavior related to poisoning, smoke detector installation, and car safety seat use over three months of follow up.
评估由学校家访人员向华盛顿州参加学前强化项目的低收入家庭儿童家庭提供的伤害预防项目的可行性、可接受性和有效性。
两个地区参加学前启蒙计划的儿童家庭符合条件。来自干预地点的213个家庭（占符合条件家庭的77.8%）和来自同期对照地点的149个家庭（占符合条件家庭的71.9%）同意参与并完成了试验。
经过培训的学校工作人员进行家庭安全检查，作为计划家访的一部分。根据家庭检查结果，向干预家庭提供教育材料以及烟雾探测器、电池、吐根糖浆和适合儿童年龄的汽车安全约束装置。
在三个月后的再次家访中，将干预组中伤害预防知识或行为有积极变化的家庭比例与对照组的比例进行比较。观察烟雾探测器的存在情况和功能。
在基线时没有可用烟雾探测器的家庭中，干预与随访时拥有可用探测器的可能性增加相关（相对风险（RR）3.3，95%置信区间（CI）1.3至8.6）。干预家庭在随访时也更有可能报告家中有吐根糖浆（RR 4.7，95%CI 3.0至7.3），并且获得了适合儿童年龄的增高座椅（RR 4.1，95%CI 1.9至8.8）。该项目为客户家庭和实施干预的家访人员所接受。
在参加学前强化项目的低收入家庭儿童家庭中，学校家访人员进行的家庭安全检查和安全用品分发在三个月的随访中似乎改善了与中毒、烟雾探测器安装和汽车安全座椅使用相关的知识和行为。
