von Eckardstein A, Nofer J R, Assmann G
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Zentrallaboratorium, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001 Jan;21(1):13-27. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.21.1.13.
High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease, and HDL exerts various potentially antiatherogenic properties, including the mediation of reverse transport of cholesterol from cells of the arterial wall to the liver and steroidogenic organs. Enhancement of cholesterol efflux and of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is considered an important target for antiatherosclerotic drug therapy. Levels and composition of HDL subclasses in plasma are regulated by many factors, including apolipoproteins, lipolytic enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, receptors, and cellular transporters. In vitro experiments as well as genetic family and population studies and investigation of transgenic animal models have revealed that HDL cholesterol plasma levels do not necessarily reflect the efficacy and antiatherogenicity of RCT. Instead, the concentration of HDL subclasses, the mobilization of cellular lipids for efflux, and the kinetics of HDL metabolism are important determinants of RCT and the risk of atherosclerosis.
高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇是冠心病的重要危险因素，HDL具有多种潜在的抗动脉粥样硬化特性，包括介导胆固醇从动脉壁细胞逆向转运至肝脏和类固醇生成器官。增强胆固醇流出和逆向胆固醇转运（RCT）被认为是抗动脉粥样硬化药物治疗的重要靶点。血浆中HDL亚类的水平和组成受多种因素调节，包括载脂蛋白、脂解酶、脂质转运蛋白、受体和细胞转运体。体外实验以及遗传家系和人群研究以及转基因动物模型研究表明，HDL胆固醇血浆水平不一定反映RCT的功效和抗动脉粥样硬化性。相反，HDL亚类的浓度、细胞脂质外流的动员以及HDL代谢动力学是RCT和动脉粥样硬化风险的重要决定因素。
