Specks U
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2001 Jan;13(1):12-7. doi: 10.1097/00002281-200101000-00003.
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare yet serious and frequently life-threatening complication of a variety of conditions. DAH may result from coagulation disorders, inhaled toxins, or infections. Most cases of DAH are caused by capillaritis associated with systemic autoimmune diseases such as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies-associated vasculitis, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Early recognition is crucial, because the prompt institution of supportive measures and immunosuppressive therapy is required for survival. Our understanding of DAH and its management is largely empiric and based on small case series and individual reports, many dating back more than one decade. To provide the practicing specialist with a rational diagnostic and management approach to the patient with DAH, this review summarizes the most recent publications and salient information derived from older publications.
弥漫性肺泡出血（DAH）是多种疾病中一种罕见但严重且常危及生命的并发症。DAH可能由凝血障碍、吸入毒素或感染引起。大多数DAH病例是由与系统性自身免疫性疾病相关的毛细血管炎所致，如抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性血管炎、抗肾小球基底膜病和系统性红斑狼疮。早期识别至关重要，因为为了存活需要及时采取支持措施和免疫抑制治疗。我们对DAH及其治疗的理解很大程度上是经验性的，基于小病例系列和个别报告，其中许多可追溯到十多年前。为了给执业专科医生提供一种针对DAH患者的合理诊断和治疗方法，本综述总结了最新的出版物以及从旧出版物中获取的重要信息。
