Weisskopf M G, Drew J M, Hanrahan L P, Anderson H A
Bureau of Environmental Health, Division of Public Health, Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, USA.
WMJ. 2000 Nov;99(8):30-3, 46.
To assess trends in hazardous ammonia releases and risk factors for subsequent evacuation and injury.
Analysis of the Wisconsin Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system data during 1993 through 1998.
Ammonia releases (291) accounted for 13% of all reported chemical releases, but 26% of all releases that led to evacuations. The majority of non-transportation-related ammonia releases are the result of equipment failure or operator error (85.5%). Few ammonia releases are transportation-related (6.5%) or occur during extreme weather (14.4%). Extreme weather is not a risk factor for evacuation or injury following ammonia releases.
Ammonia releases are frequently the result of equipment failure or operator error and thus preventable. The majority of ammonia releases that lead to evacuation and injury are not the result of transportation accidents or weather factors beyond human control. Prevention efforts that focus on preventive maintenance, and worker training and awareness could reduce the burden of hazardous ammonia releases.
评估危险氨泄漏的趋势以及后续疏散和受伤的风险因素。
分析1993年至1998年威斯康星州有害物质应急事件监测系统的数据。
氨泄漏事件（291起）占所有报告的化学物质泄漏事件的13%，但在所有导致疏散的泄漏事件中占26%。大多数与运输无关的氨泄漏是设备故障或操作员失误所致（85.5%）。与运输相关的氨泄漏事件很少（6.5%），在极端天气期间发生的氨泄漏事件也很少（14.4%）。极端天气并非氨泄漏后疏散或受伤的风险因素。
氨泄漏事件频繁是设备故障或操作员失误所致，因此是可预防的。大多数导致疏散和受伤的氨泄漏事件并非运输事故或超出人类控制范围的天气因素所致。侧重于预防性维护以及工人培训和意识提升的预防措施可减轻危险氨泄漏的负担。
