Bennell K L, Khan K M, Matthews B L, Singleton C
Centre for Sports Medicine Research and Education, School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
Br J Sports Med. 2001 Feb;35(1):54-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.35.1.54.
To evaluate in a 12 month longitudinal study changes in hip and ankle range of motion and hip muscle strength in young female novice ballet dancers.
Fifty three of the original 77 (69%) female dancers aged 8-11 years and 40 of the original 49 (82%) controls returned for follow up measurements one year later. Supine right active hip external (ER) and internal (IR) rotation were measured using an inclinometer. A turnout protractor was used to assess standing active turnout range. Range of right weight bearing ankle dorsiflexion and calf muscle length were measured in a standing lunge position using an inclinometer. A manual muscle tester was used to assess right hip flexor, IR, ER, abductor and adductor strength.
The mean (SD) 12 month change in hip ER did not differ between dancers (11.7 (11.3)degrees) and controls (8.1 (17.6)degrees). Dancers gained 12.5 (13.5)degrees hip IR which was significantly greater than controls (0.5 (13.9)degrees). Greater IR change was associated with improved IR strength (r = 0.34, p<0.001). Dancers increased total turnout (12.0 (16.7)degrees) significantly more than controls (2.2 (20.0)degrees). There was no significant change in ankle dorsiflexion range in either group. Dancers and controls increased in all measures of hip muscle strength (p<0.001) and dancers achieved significantly greater gains in three out of five muscle groups (all, p<0.05).
Total hip range of motion increased in both ballet students and controls at this young age. However, ankle dorsiflexion did not, which is probably due to this movement being blocked by bony apposition, rather than soft tissue stretch. This has implications for ballet teachers, as it has long been accepted that this movement could be improved with training. Dancers had greater increases in hip strength after 12 months compared with controls in muscles specific for ballet, suggesting that hip strength can be trained at this young age. Whether these gains are permanent requires further study.
在一项为期12个月的纵向研究中，评估年轻女性新手芭蕾舞舞者髋关节和踝关节活动范围以及髋部肌肉力量的变化。
最初的77名8至11岁女性舞者中有53名（69%），最初的49名对照者中有40名（82%）在一年后返回进行随访测量。使用倾角仪测量仰卧位时右侧髋关节主动外旋（ER）和内旋（IR）。使用外开量角器评估站立位主动外开范围。在站立弓步姿势下使用倾角仪测量右侧负重踝关节背屈范围和小腿肌肉长度。使用手动肌力测试仪评估右侧髋屈肌、IR、ER、外展肌和内收肌的力量。
舞者组（11.7（11.3）度）和对照组（8.1（17.6）度）的髋关节ER 12个月平均变化无差异。舞者组髋关节IR增加了12.5（13.5）度，显著大于对照组（0.5（13.9）度）。更大的IR变化与IR力量改善相关（r = 0.34，p < 0.001）。舞者组总外开增加（12.0（16.7）度）显著多于对照组（2.2（20.0）度）。两组的踝关节背屈范围均无显著变化。舞者组和对照组在所有髋部肌肉力量测量指标上均有所增加（p < 0.001），且舞者组在五个肌肉群中的三个中获得了显著更大的增加（均p < 0.05）。
在这个年轻年龄段，芭蕾舞学生和对照组的髋关节总活动范围均增加。然而，踝关节背屈没有增加，这可能是由于该动作被骨对位阻挡，而非软组织拉伸。这对芭蕾舞教师有启示意义，因为长期以来人们一直认为通过训练可以改善这个动作。与对照组相比，舞者在12个月后与芭蕾舞特定相关的肌肉中髋部力量增加更大，表明在这个年轻年龄段髋部力量可以得到训练。这些增加是否是永久性的需要进一步研究。
