Baker F C, Waner J I, Vieira E F, Taylor S R, Driver H S, Mitchell D
Wits Sleep Laboratory, Brain Function Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
J Physiol. 2001 Feb 1;530(Pt 3):565-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0565k.x.
Body temperature has a circadian rhythm, and in women with ovulatory cycles, also a menstrual rhythm. Body temperature and sleep are believed to be closely coupled, but the influence on their relationship of gender, menstrual cycle phase and female reproductive hormones is unresolved. We investigated sleep and 24 h rectal temperatures in eight women with normal menstrual cycles in their mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases, and in eight young women taking a steady dose of oral progestin and ethinyl oestradiol (hormonal contraceptive), and compared their sleep and body temperatures with that of eight young men, sleeping in identical conditions. All subjects maintained their habitual daytime schedules. Rectal temperatures were elevated throughout 24 h in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase in the naturally cycling women, consistent with a raised thermoregulatory set-point. Rectal temperatures in the women taking hormonal contraceptives were similar to those of the naturally cycling women in the luteal phase. Gender influenced body temperature: the naturally cycling women and the women taking hormonal contraceptives attained their nocturnal minimum body temperatures earlier than the men, and the naturally cycling women had blunted nocturnal body temperature drops compared with the men. Sleep architecture was essentially unaffected by either menstrual cycle phase or gender. The women taking hormonal contraceptives had less slow wave sleep (SWS), however, than the naturally cycling women. Gender, menstrual cycle phase and hormonal contraceptives significantly influenced body temperature, but had only minor consequences for sleep, in the young men and women in our study.
体温具有昼夜节律，对于有排卵周期的女性而言，还具有月经节律。体温与睡眠被认为紧密相关，但性别、月经周期阶段及女性生殖激素对它们之间关系的影响尚无定论。我们对8名处于卵泡期中期和黄体期中期且月经周期正常的女性，以及8名服用稳定剂量口服孕激素和炔雌醇（激素避孕药）的年轻女性的睡眠和24小时直肠温度进行了研究，并将她们的睡眠和体温与8名在相同条件下睡眠的年轻男性进行了比较。所有受试者均维持其惯常的白天作息时间表。与自然周期女性的卵泡期相比，黄体期的直肠温度在24小时内均有所升高，这与体温调节设定点升高一致。服用激素避孕药的女性的直肠温度与自然周期女性黄体期的直肠温度相似。性别影响体温：自然周期女性和服用激素避孕药的女性比男性更早达到夜间最低体温，且与男性相比，自然周期女性夜间体温下降幅度较小。睡眠结构基本不受月经周期阶段或性别的影响。然而，服用激素避孕药的女性比自然周期女性的慢波睡眠（SWS）更少。在我们的研究中，性别、月经周期阶段和激素避孕药对年轻男性和女性的体温有显著影响，但对睡眠只有轻微影响。
