van Royen N, Piek J J, Buschmann I, Hoefer I, Voskuil M, Schaper W
Max Planck Institute for Physiological and Clinical Research, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Feb 16;49(3):543-53. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6363(00)00206-6.
After birth two forms of vessel growth can be observed; angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Angiogenesis refers to the formation of capillary networks. Arteriogenesis refers to the growth of preexistent collateral arterioles leading to formation of large conductance arteries that are well capable to compensate for the loss of function of occluded arteries. The process of arteriogenesis is initiated when shear stresses increase in the preexistent collateral pathways upon narrowing of a main artery. The increased shear stress leads to an upregulation of cell adhesion molecules for circulating monocytes, which accumulate subsequently around the proliferating arteries and provide the several required cytokines and growth factors. Several strategies are currently tested for their potential to stimulate the process of arteriogenesis. These strategies focus either at shear stress, at direct stimulation of endothelial and smooth muscle cell growth or at the monocytic pathway and promising results were obtained from experimental studies. However, some important questions remain to be answered before arteriogenesis can be brought from bench to bedside.
血管生成和动脉生成。血管生成是指毛细血管网络的形成。动脉生成是指先前存在的侧支小动脉生长，导致形成具有良好功能的大传导动脉，能够很好地补偿闭塞动脉功能的丧失。当主动脉狭窄时，先前存在的侧支通路中的剪切应力增加，动脉生成过程即被启动。增加的剪切应力导致循环单核细胞的细胞粘附分子上调，这些单核细胞随后聚集在增殖动脉周围，并提供几种所需的细胞因子和生长因子。目前正在测试几种策略刺激动脉生成过程的潜力。这些策略要么聚焦于剪切应力，要么直接刺激内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞生长，要么针对单核细胞途径，并且从实验研究中获得了有希望的结果。然而，在动脉生成能够从实验室应用到临床之前，一些重要问题仍有待解答。
