Schaper Wolfgang, Scholz Dimitri
Department of Experimental Cardiology, Max-Planck-Institute, Benekestr. 2D-61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1143-51. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000069625.11230.96. Epub 2003 Apr 3.
Growth of collateral vessels is potentially able to preserve structure and a variable degree of function in subtended tissues in the presence of arterial occlusions. The process of transformation of a small arteriole into much larger conductance artery is called arteriogenesis. Small arterioles that interconnect side branches proximal from the arterial occlusion with distal ones experience increased fluid shear stress because of the increased blood flow velocity attributable to the pressure gradient along the bridging collaterals. This activates the endothelium and leads to monocyte adhesion and infiltration with the subsequent production of growth factors and proteases. Preexistent arterioles are essential. Their presence is genetically determined. Arteriogenesis is not organ- or species-specific; coronary or peripheral collateral vessels develop following the same design principles in mice, rats, rabbits, or dogs. In contrast to angiogenesis, arteriogenesis is not dependent on the presence of hypoxia/ischemia.
在存在动脉闭塞的情况下，侧支血管的生长有可能在其所供应的组织中保留结构和一定程度的功能。小动脉转变为更大的传导动脉的过程称为动脉生成。在动脉闭塞近端和远端的侧支分支之间相互连接的小动脉，由于沿搭桥侧支的压力梯度导致血流速度增加，会经历增加的流体剪切应力。这会激活内皮细胞，导致单核细胞黏附和浸润，随后产生生长因子和蛋白酶。预先存在的小动脉至关重要。它们的存在是由基因决定的。动脉生成不是器官或物种特异性的；在小鼠、大鼠、兔子或狗中，冠状动脉或外周侧支血管遵循相同的设计原则发育。与血管生成不同，动脉生成不依赖于缺氧/缺血的存在。
