Freeman E W, Grisso J A, Berlin J, Sammel M, Garcia-Espana B, Hollander L
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Menopause. 2001 Jan-Feb;8(1):33-42. doi: 10.1097/00042192-200101000-00007.
To identify symptoms experienced in a cohort of healthy women in the late reproductive years; to compare symptom reports between African American and Caucasian women; and to determine the extent to which other factors in reproductive health, mood and behavior, lifestyle, and demographic background are associated with the reported symptoms.
A cohort of women aged 35 to 47 years (mean age, 41 years) was identified through random digit dialing. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of data collected at enrollment from a subset of 308 women who completed daily symptom reports (DSR) for one menstrual cycle. Data were obtained in structured interviews and self-administered standard questionnaires. The associations of the study variables with symptoms as assessed by the DSR were examined using analysis of variance and general linear models.
The African American women were significantly more likely to report in interview that they experienced menopausal symptoms (46% vs. 30%; p < 0.001) and had significantly higher ratings on the physiological symptom factor of the DSR, which included hot flashes, dizziness, poor coordination/clumsiness, urine leaks, and vaginal dryness. The DSR yielded two other factors of psychological and somatic symptoms. Race was associated only with the physiological symptom factor in the multivariable analyses. Neither race nor age were associated with psychological symptoms, which were predicted by current or past mood problems.
Symptoms commonly associated with the menopause are experienced in the late reproductive years before observable changes in menstrual cycles. African American women reported more physiological symptoms than white women. These data provide an essential baseline for longitudinal study of symptoms associated with the ovarian decline in the perimenopausal years.
识别处于生殖晚期的一群健康女性所经历的症状；比较非裔美国女性和白人女性的症状报告；并确定生殖健康、情绪与行为、生活方式及人口统计学背景等其他因素与所报告症状的关联程度。
通过随机数字拨号确定了一群年龄在35至47岁（平均年龄41岁）的女性。本研究是对从308名完成了一个月经周期每日症状报告（DSR）的女性子集中收集的入学数据进行的横断面分析。数据通过结构化访谈和自行填写的标准问卷获得。使用方差分析和一般线性模型检验研究变量与DSR评估的症状之间的关联。
非裔美国女性在访谈中报告经历更年期症状的可能性显著更高（46%对30%；p<0.001），并且在DSR的生理症状因子上得分显著更高，该因子包括潮热、头晕、协调性差/笨拙、漏尿和阴道干燥。DSR还产生了心理和躯体症状的另外两个因子。在多变量分析中，种族仅与生理症状因子相关。种族和年龄均与心理症状无关，心理症状由当前或过去的情绪问题预测。
在月经周期出现可观察到的变化之前，生殖晚期的女性会经历通常与更年期相关的症状。非裔美国女性报告的生理症状比白人女性更多。这些数据为围绝经期与卵巢功能衰退相关症状的纵向研究提供了重要基线。
