West R, Hajek P, Nilsson F, Foulds J, May S, Meadows A
St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jan 1;153(2):225-30. doi: 10.1007/s002130000577.
With several different forms of nicotine replacement therapy available for smokers, it is useful to know about factors that may influence choice of form.
To examine factors associated with preference for different nicotine replacement products and effectiveness of these products. The simple comparison of success rates between the products has been reported previously.
Five hundred and four smokers were invited to rank order four products (gum, patch, nasal spray and inhaler) in terms of preference and were then randomly allocated to receive one of the products for a smoking cessation attempt. They were followed up 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 15 weeks later. Ratings of the products were repeated 1 week after the quit date. Mood and physical symptoms were assessed at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Urges to smoke were assessed at all post-quit date sessions. Abstinence was assessed by self-report with expired air carbon monoxide verification.
The patch was the most popular product initially, followed by the spray and inhaler and then the gum. The difference was greater for women than men. However, all smokers quickly came to like whichever product they had been allocated. Smokers who initially preferred the spray or inhaler were heavier smokers than those who preferred the gum or patch. Prior experience of the gum was associated with lower initial preference for it, but did not affect outcome. Prior experience with the patch had no effect on preference or outcome. Being allocated to the preferred product did not increase success at stopping smoking. Women were more successful at stopping smoking on the inhaler than the gum. Among highly dependent smokers, those on the inhaler had a lower relapse rate than those on the other products.
Regardless of initial preferences, whether patients obtain their preferred form of NRT or one selected for them did not seem to affect outcome. This may be because smokers came to like particular products as they got used to them. Other things being equal, women may be better advised to use inhaler rather than gum and men vice versa.
由于有几种不同形式的尼古丁替代疗法可供吸烟者使用，了解可能影响剂型选择的因素很有用。
研究与不同尼古丁替代产品偏好相关的因素以及这些产品的有效性。此前已报道过产品之间成功率的简单比较。
邀请504名吸烟者按照偏好对四种产品（口香糖、贴片、鼻喷雾剂和吸入器）进行排序，然后随机分配接受其中一种产品以尝试戒烟。在1周、4周、12周和15周后对他们进行随访。在戒烟日期后1周重复对产品的评级。在基线和每次随访时评估情绪和身体症状。在所有戒烟日期后的时段评估吸烟冲动。通过自我报告并经呼出气体一氧化碳验证来评估戒烟情况。
贴片最初是最受欢迎的产品，其次是喷雾剂和吸入器，然后是口香糖。女性与男性之间的差异更大。然而，所有吸烟者很快就开始喜欢他们所分配到的任何产品。最初喜欢喷雾剂或吸入器的吸烟者比喜欢口香糖或贴片的吸烟者烟瘾更大。以前使用过口香糖与对其较低的初始偏好相关，但不影响结果。以前使用过贴片对偏好或结果没有影响。被分配到首选产品并不会提高戒烟成功率。女性使用吸入器戒烟比使用口香糖更成功。在高度依赖的吸烟者中，使用吸入器的人复发率低于使用其他产品的人。
无论最初的偏好如何，患者获得他们首选的尼古丁替代疗法剂型还是为他们选择的剂型似乎都不会影响结果。这可能是因为吸烟者随着对特定产品的习惯而开始喜欢它们。在其他条件相同的情况下，女性可能最好使用吸入器而不是口香糖，男性则相反。
