Nelson D L, Zhang N
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620-8200, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2000 Dec;7(4):604-17. doi: 10.3758/bf03212998.
Cued recall success varies with what people know and with what they do during an episode. This paper focuses on prior knowledge and disentangles the relative effects of 10 features of words and their relationships on cued recall. Results are reported for correlational and multiple regression analyses of data obtained from free association norms and from 29 experiments. The 10 features were only weakly correlated with each other in the norms and, with notable exceptions, in the experiments. The regression analysis indicated that forward cue-to-target strength explained the most variance, followed by backward target-to-cue strength. Target connectivity and set size explained the next most variance, along with mediated cue-to-target strength. Finally, frequency, concreteness, shared associate strength, and cue set size also contributed significantly to recall. Taken together, indices of prior word knowledge explain 49% of the recall variance. Theoretically driven equations that use free association to predict cued recall were also evaluated. Each equation was designed to condense multiple indices of word interconnectivity into a single predictor.
线索回忆的成功率会因人们在某一事件中的所知和所为而有所不同。本文聚焦于先验知识，并剖析了单词的10个特征及其关系对线索回忆的相对影响。报告了对从自由联想规范和29项实验中获得的数据进行相关分析和多元回归分析的结果。在规范中，以及在实验中（有显著例外情况），这10个特征之间的相关性都很弱。回归分析表明，正向线索到目标的强度解释的方差最多，其次是反向目标到线索的强度。目标连通性和集合大小解释的方差次之，中介线索到目标的强度也有类似情况。最后，频率、具体性、共享联想强度和线索集大小对回忆也有显著贡献。综合来看，先验单词知识的指标解释了49%的回忆方差。还评估了使用自由联想来预测线索回忆的理论驱动方程。每个方程旨在将单词相互连接性的多个指标浓缩为一个预测因子。
