Repetition and form priming interact with neighborhood density at a brief stimulus onset asynchrony.

The relationships between repetition- and form-priming effects and neighborhood density were analyzed in two masked priming experiments with the lexical decision task. Given that form-priming effects appear to be influenced by a word's orthographic neighborhood, it is theoretically important to find out whether repetition priming also differs as a function of the word's orthographic neighborhood. Within an activation framework, repetition- and form-priming effects are just quantitatively different phenomena, whereas the two effects are qualitatively different in a serial-ordered model of lexical access (the entry-opening model). The results show that repetition- and form-priming effects were stronger for hermit words than for words with many neighbors. These results pose some problems for both activation and serial-ordered models. The implications of these results for determining how neighbors affect the identification of a word are discussed.