Blettner M, Berg G
School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Germany.
Acta Oncol. 2000;39(8):927-30. doi: 10.1080/02841860050215891.
There is increasing public interest in health risks of mobile phone use. Although there is a vast body of material on the biological effects of radiofrequency fields, current risk assessment is still limited. The article describes several hypotheses and results of biological effects such as thermal effect, genetic and carcinogenic effects and cancer related investigations. Mobile phones transmit and receive waves of frequencies mainly at 800-1800 MHz. Findings on the thermal effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency fields were consistent, resulting in an increase of cellular, tissue or body temperature by 1 degree C or more. Guidelines for risk limits are based on this thermal effect. Experimental investigation suggests that radiofrequency fields are not tumor initiators and that if they are related to carcinogenicity, this would be by tumor promotion or by increasing the uptake of carcinogens in cells. Implications of these experimental results on public health concerns are yet unclear. Few epidemiological studies are available on the use of mobile phones or on the radiofrequency exposure and the development of cancer. Most of these studies have no or little quantitative exposure data and they are limited by the small number of observations. Large epidemiological studies are necessary in order to investigate the use of mobile phones on the development of cancer. It should be emphasized that even a small elevated risk may have a large implication for public health, as the use of mobile phones and the exposure is rapidly increasing.
公众对使用手机带来的健康风险越来越关注。尽管有大量关于射频场生物效应的资料，但目前的风险评估仍然有限。本文描述了几种生物效应的假设和结果，如热效应、遗传和致癌效应以及与癌症相关的调查。手机主要在800 - 1800兆赫兹频率上发射和接收电波。急性暴露于射频场的热效应研究结果是一致的，会使细胞、组织或体温升高1摄氏度或更多。风险限值指南就是基于这种热效应制定的。实验研究表明，射频场不是肿瘤引发剂，如果它们与致癌性有关，那也是通过促进肿瘤或增加细胞对致癌物的摄取来实现的。这些实验结果对公众健康问题的影响尚不清楚。关于使用手机或射频暴露与癌症发展的流行病学研究很少。这些研究大多没有或只有很少的定量暴露数据，而且受观察数量少的限制。为了研究使用手机与癌症发展之间的关系，有必要进行大规模的流行病学研究。应该强调的是，即使风险略有升高，对公众健康也可能有重大影响，因为手机的使用和暴露正在迅速增加。
