Moulder J E, Foster K R, Erdreich L S, McNamee J P
Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Int J Radiat Biol. 2005 Mar;81(3):189-203. doi: 10.1080/09553000500091097.
There have been reports in the media and claims in the courts that radiofrequency (RF) emissions from mobile phones are a cause of cancer, and there have been numerous public objections to the siting of mobile phone base antennas because of a fear of cancer. This review summarizes the current state of evidence concerning whether the RF energy used for wireless communication might be carcinogenic. Relevant studies were identified by searching MedLine with a combination of exposure and endpoint terms. This was supplemented by a review of the over 1700 citations assembled by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Committee on Electromagnetic Safety as part of their updating of the IEEE C95.1 RF energy safety guidelines. Where there were multiple studies, preference was given to recent reports, to positive reports of effects and to attempts to confirm such positive reports. Biophysical considerations indicate that there is little theoretical basis for anticipating that RF energy would have significant biological effects at the power levels used by modern mobile phones and their base station antennas. The epidemiological evidence for a causal association between cancer and RF energy is weak and limited. Animal studies have provided no consistent evidence that exposure to RF energy at non-thermal intensities causes or promotes cancer. Extensive in vitro studies have found no consistent evidence of genotoxic potential, but in vitro studies assessing the epigenetic potential of RF energy are limited. Overall, a weight-of-evidence evaluation shows that the current evidence for a causal association between cancer and exposure to RF energy is weak and unconvincing. However, the existing epidemiology is limited and the possibility of epigenetic effects has not been thoroughly evaluated, so that additional research in those areas will be required for a more thorough assessment of the possibility of a causal connection between cancer and the RF energy from mobile telecommunications.
媒体上有报道，法庭上也有主张称，手机发出的射频（RF）辐射是癌症的一个成因，并且由于担心癌症，民众对手机基站天线的选址提出了众多反对意见。本综述总结了关于用于无线通信的射频能量是否可能致癌的现有证据状况。通过结合暴露和终点术语在医学在线数据库（MedLine）中进行检索来确定相关研究。电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）国际电磁安全委员会在更新IEEE C95.1射频能量安全指南时汇编了1700多篇文献，对这些文献的回顾对上述检索起到了补充作用。若存在多项研究，则优先选取近期报告、有效果的阳性报告以及对这类阳性报告的验证尝试。生物物理学考量表明，对于预期射频能量在现代手机及其基站天线所使用的功率水平下会产生显著生物学效应而言，几乎没有理论依据。癌症与射频能量之间存在因果关联的流行病学证据薄弱且有限。动物研究未提供一致证据表明在非热强度下暴露于射频能量会引发或促进癌症。广泛的体外研究未发现一致的遗传毒性潜力证据，但评估射频能量表观遗传潜力的体外研究有限。总体而言，证据权重评估表明，目前关于癌症与暴露于射频能量之间存在因果关联的证据薄弱且无法令人信服。然而，现有的流行病学研究有限，表观遗传效应的可能性尚未得到充分评估，因此在这些领域需要开展更多研究，以便更全面地评估癌症与来自移动电信的射频能量之间存在因果联系的可能性。
