Urashima T, Arita M, Yoshida M, Nakamura T, Arai I, Saito T, Arnould J P, Kovacs K M, Lydersen C
Department of Bioresource Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Feb;128(2):307-23. doi: 10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00327-4.
Carbohydrates were extracted from hooded seal milk, Crystophora cristata (family Phocidae). Free oligosaccharides were separated by gel filtration and then purified by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative thin layer or paper chromatography and their structures determined by 1H-NMR. The hooded seal milk was found to contain inositol and at least nine oligosaccharides, most of which had lacto-N-neotetraose or lacto-N-neohexaose as core units, similar to those in milk of other species of Carnivora such as bears (Ursidae). Their structures were as follows: Gal(beta1-4)Glc (lactose); Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (2'-fucosyllactose); Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (lacto-N-neotetraose); Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (lacto-N-fucopentaose IV); Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)[Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-6)]Gal(1-4)Glc (lacto-N-neohexaose); Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)[Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-6)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc (monofucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose a); Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-6)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc (monofucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose b); Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)[Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-6)]Gal(beta1-4)Glc (difucosyl lacto-N-neohexaose); Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (para lacto-N-neohexaose); Fuc(alpha1-2)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)GlcNAc(beta1-3)Gal(beta1-4)Glc (monofucosyl para lacto-N-neohexaose). Milk of the Australian fur seal, Arctophalus pusillus doriferus (family Otariidae) contained inositol but no lactose or free oligosaccharides. These results, therefore, support the hypothesis that the milk of otariids, unlike that of phocids, contains no free reducing saccharides.
从冠海豹（海豹科）的乳汁中提取碳水化合物。游离寡糖通过凝胶过滤进行分离，然后通过离子交换色谱、凝胶过滤和制备型薄层或纸色谱进行纯化，并通过¹H-NMR确定其结构。发现冠海豹乳汁中含有肌醇和至少九种寡糖，其中大多数以乳糖-N-新四糖或乳糖-N-新六糖作为核心单元，这与其他食肉动物如熊（熊科）乳汁中的情况相似。它们的结构如下：Gal(β1-4)Glc（乳糖）；Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc（2'-岩藻糖基乳糖）；Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc（乳糖-N-新四糖）；Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc（乳糖-N-岩藻五糖IV）；Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(1-4)Glc（乳糖-N-新六糖）；Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc（单岩藻糖基乳糖-N-新六糖a）；Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc（单岩藻糖基乳糖-N-新六糖b）；Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)[Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-6)]Gal(β1-4)Glc（双岩藻糖基乳糖-N-新六糖）；Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc（对乳糖-N-新六糖）；Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc（单岩藻糖基对乳糖-N-新六糖）。澳大利亚海狗（海狮科）的乳汁中含有肌醇，但不含乳糖或游离寡糖。因此，这些结果支持了这样一种假说，即海狮科动物的乳汁与海豹科动物的不同，不含有游离的还原性糖类。
