Goodwin J, Taylor R S, Pearce V R, Read K L
School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, UK.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 2000 Oct;59(3-4):195-203.
Previous reports indicate that everyday excursional exposures may play a part in increased winter mortality (Donaldson et al 1997) and that the avoidance of cold stress is associated with low indices of cold related mortality in Europe (Eurowinter Group 1997). However, few prospective data have been reported on excursional data and risk factors for arterial disease. In a field study carried out on 21 young (mean age 23.5) and 24 elderly healthy subjects (mean age 73.6) there were no significant differences between winter and summer in the number or duration of outside excursions. Never the less, elderly subjects had significantly more clothing insulation (clo), both indoors and outdoors in the winter than in the summer (p < or = 0.001) and this was also the case for young subjects. The urine temperature of the elderly in the winter was significantly lower (p < or = 0.01) than in the summer but this was not seen in the young. Elderly physical activity was significantly higher in the winter than in the summer (p < or = 0.05) but not for the young. Thus, elderly subjects showed no material change in excursional behaviour in the winter, even though clothing protection was arguably inadequate in view of lower body temperature, accompanied by increased physical activity. Blood pressure was significantly higher in the winter (p < or = 0.01) in the elderly, though the extent to which activity levels contributed to this contrast is uncertain from these data.
先前的报告表明，日常的户外暴露可能在冬季死亡率增加中起作用（唐纳森等人，1997年），并且在欧洲，避免冷应激与较低的与寒冷相关的死亡率指标相关（欧洲冬季研究小组，1997年）。然而，关于户外暴露数据和动脉疾病危险因素的前瞻性数据报道较少。在一项针对21名年轻（平均年龄23.5岁）和24名老年健康受试者（平均年龄73.6岁）进行的实地研究中，冬季和夏季的户外出行次数或时长没有显著差异。尽管如此，老年受试者在冬季室内和室外的衣物隔热值（clo）均显著高于夏季（p≤0.001），年轻受试者也是如此。老年受试者冬季的尿液温度显著低于夏季（p≤0.01），但年轻受试者未出现这种情况。老年受试者冬季的身体活动水平显著高于夏季（p≤0.05），但年轻受试者并非如此。因此，尽管考虑到体温较低且身体活动增加，衣物保护可能并不充分，但老年受试者在冬季的户外出行行为没有实质性变化。老年受试者冬季的血压显著高于夏季（p≤0.01），不过从这些数据尚无法确定活动水平对此差异的影响程度。
